柳河新民段沙化状况调查分析与保护对策

通过对柳河沙化起因、现状、对流域水环境及生态环境影响的调查分析,有针对性地提出了保护对策和建议。     

锦州市生态环境问题及保护对策

本文阐述了锦州市生态环境存在的主要问题,并结合锦州市实际情况及自然概况,提出针对性的保护措施。     

Study on accidental fire at a large-scale floating-roof gasoline storage tank

For an accident involving a large-scale internal floating-roof tank with 28.4 m diameter and filled with 4600 m³ gasoline, the actual behavior of the gasoline fire and the fire-fighting strategies that were applied to it were analyzed in terms of the heat release rate, burning rate, and regression rate. During the accident, the initial fire suppression strategy failed and the gasoline was moved to an external tank. A total of 2800 m³ gasoline was burned for 17 h with a resulting heat release rate of 1475 MW. The long duration of the fire burning was attributed to the burning surface of the gasoline, which was not covered with foam at the beginning of the fire using the active foam fire-extinguishing system due to damage to one of the foam chambers. The average regression rate of the gasoline was 0.16 m/h after 8 h of burning and 0.35 m/h when the fire was completely suppressed.     

Severity and patterns of injury in helmeted vs. non-helmeted motorcyclists in a rural state

Introduction: Under current law in our rural state, there is no universal requirement for motorcyclists to wear helmets. Roughly 500 motorcycle crashes are reported by the state each year and only a fraction of those riders wear helmets. We sought to determine the difference in injury patterns and severity in helmeted versus non-helmeted riders. Methods: Retrospective review (2014–2018) of a single level 1 trauma center’s registry was done for subjects admitted after a motorcycle collision. Demographic, injury and patient outcome data were collected. Patients were stratified by helmet use (n = 81), no helmet use (n = 144), and unknown helmet use (n = 194). Statistical analysis used Student’s t-test or Pearson’s χ² p-value ≤0.05 as significant. State Department of Transportation data registry for state level mortality and collision incidence over the same time period was also obtained. Results: Of the 2,022 state-reported motorcycle collisions, 419 individuals admitted to our trauma center were analyzed (21% capture). State-reported field fatality rate regardless of helmet use was 4%. Our inpatient mortality rate was 2% with no differences between helmet uses. Helmeted riders were found to have significantly fewer head and face injuries, higher GCS, lower face, neck, thorax and abdomen AIS, fewer required mechanical ventilation, shorter ICU length of stay, and had a greater number of upper extremity injuries and higher upper extremity AIS. Conclusions: Helmeted motorcyclists have fewer head, face, and cervical spine injuries, and lower injury severities: GCS and face, neck, thorax, abdomen AIS. Helmeted riders had significantly less mechanical ventilation requirement and shorter ICU stays. Non-helmeted riders sustained worse injuries. Practical Applications: Helmets provide safety and motorcycle riders have a 34-fold higher risk of death following a crash. Evaluating injury severities and patterns in motorcycle crash victims in a rural state with no helmet laws may provide insight into changing current legislation.     

浅析美欧物联网发展和环保应用概况

这篇文章主要对美国和欧盟物联网发展历程进行了概述,并对欧盟的一系列物联网政策文件《欧盟物联网行动计划》、《未来物联网战略》等进行解读,最后重点分析了美国City Sense, MARVIN物联网环保应用案例和欧洲OSIRIS空气质量传感网、Sensaris穿戴式无线传感器监测系统、河川水质污染管理与预警系统等重要物联网环保应用项目。在此基础上,结合中国环保物联网发展现状提出相关建议。     

Fire protection as the underpinning of good process safety programs

This paper will provide an overview of the role of fire protection engineers in the mitigation phase of a process safety program. Fire protection engineers are involved in the assessment of hazards and the selection of fire protection strategies which can reduce the risk to an acceptable level according to the stipulated goals and objectives. Fire protection strategies may include the installation of a variety of approaches, such as passive and active fire protection systems, manual intervention and siting. Passive systems include fire rated barriers and protection of openings in those barriers, while active systems include systems such as fire detectors and sprinklers. Manual intervention may include the manual activation of fixed fire protection systems or firefighting activities by facility fire brigades or municipal fire departments. The manual firefighting activities are typically considered to be in the ‘response’ phase.     

南京青奥会环境保障经验及后青奥环境监管对策研究

文章介绍了南京在青奥会环境保障方面的管控措施与取得的成效,认为南京青奥环境保障成功的关键在于高效畅通的运行机制、强力有效的控污手段、不遗余力的执法监管、紧密配合的区域联防、以及科技支撑的科学决策。最后,从构建南京都市圈生态环保一体化格局、实施重点片区工业布局优化调整、淘汰落后产能、建立环境执法高压严管长效机制等方面,提出了后青奥时代南京加强环境监管、改善环境质量的对策与建议。     

Understanding land cover change in a Special Protection Area in Central Spain through the enhanced land cover transition matrix and a related new approach

This work analyses land cover changes occurring between 1990 and 2000 within a Natural Protected Area, southwest of Madrid (Spain). We develop a new methodology that considers the net change in different land cover categories in each municipality of the study area. Our methodology, which uses Factorial Correspondence Analysis, allows identification of the most important changes at the municipality level and groups the municipalities where land use dynamics are similar. This method is a powerful tool for synthesis and can potentially be applied to non-spatial geographical data sources (e.g. agrarian census statistics). Our results show that the land cover around SW Madrid is highly dynamic. The shrub vegetation, arable land, heterogeneous agricultural and human-created area categories show the highest total change. The dynamics of the changes detected are dominated by decreases in the area of different types of crops and increases in forest areas. These changes may have indirect effects on the conservation of natural resources and wildlife if not managed appropriately.     

发展草原休闲旅游保护草原生态环境

发展草原休闲旅游,可以在减少草原的牲畜饲养量的同时,保证和增加牧民的收入,从而减少过度放牧对草原的破坏,防止草原退化,保护草原生态环境。     

日本公害治理及赔偿的历程、经验及对中国的启示

日本在其经济起飞期,曾经是全球公害最严重的国家,世界八大公害事件有一半发生在日本,随之带来的公害病祸及千家万户。日本在公害应对及相关赔偿上是道路甚曲折、结果可称道：1970年后日本再也没有发生严重的公害事件,但相关赔偿事宜一直到2013年才基本结束。可将其经验总结为五方面：立法规范、绿色发展;科学认定;公众参与;多措并举;多方筹资。这些经验应用到中国,应注意实现形式的差别,弥补我国在上位法制定、非政府组织介入、多渠道筹资等方面的制度短板,加大摸清底数等工作力度,并根据风险管理原理使相关部门的举措联动配合。