The classification of lands managed for conservation: existing and proposed frameworks, with particular reference to Australia

Comprehensive classification systems to accurately account for lands managed for biodiversity conservation, are an essential component of conservation planning and policy. The current international classification systems for lands managed for nature conservation are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on Australia. The need for a broader, all-encompassing, categorisation of lands managed for conservation is presented and a proposed broader categorisation system is developed—the Conservation Lands Classification. This classification system has the advantage of incorporating data on both tenure and protection mechanisms and has been applied in this paper using conservation lands in three Australian jurisdictions as examples. It is envisaged that this method of classification has the potential to significantly improve the ability to measure current and future trends in nature conservation across all land types at a variety of scales and hence is put forward in order to stimulate discussion on this important topic.     

环境法中的公众参与原则

公众参与是我国环境法的一项基本原则。该文阐述了公众参与原则的内涵、我国公众参与环境保护的法律基础及存在问题，并就完善环境法．中公众参与机制提出建议。     

浅析环境影响评价中的"公众参与"

当前,我国建设项目EIA中的公众参与存在缺少具体法律规定、信息交流主体及其关系不明、沟通形式单一、时段"滞后"、结果缺乏公开性等问题.为此,应明确其法律地位建立完善机制和加强宣传教育.     

中国实施环境管理创新的机遇与挑战

日趋尖锐的能源危机及越来越多的国际间的贸易摩擦,一方面对中国的经济发展形成严峻的挑战,另一方面也激发了企业改进生产工艺、发展绿色生产的积极性,为中国的环境管理工作提出了新的机遇和挑战.目前,中国的环境管理事业还存在立法不足、资金短缺及地方保护主义等问题,由此环境管理力度必须要进一步加强.强化政府职能、鼓励公众参与、增加财政补贴及推进ISO14000体系的建立等是目前中国较为可行的办法.     

论我国环境公众参与制度的问题

环境公众参与制度在目前中国基本上是一片空白,笔者从“公众参与“的范畴界定及理论分析着手,分析了我国在此方面的现状,并提出了对建立我国未来环境公众参与制度的几点框架性建议,旨在通过推进环境民主化进程来实现真正对环境的有效保护.     

Beyond Biogeography: a Framework for Involving the Public in Planning of U.S. Marine Protected Areas

Abstract:  Planning of marine protected areas (MPAs) is highlighted in the conservation literature but is not explored in much detail. Many researchers acknowledge the importance of involving the public in MPA planning, but there is limited guidance on how to do this in an effective manner. I present a framework for involving the public in planning of U.S. MPAs. Derived from empirically and theoretically based research on public participation in U.S. natural resource management, this framework is composed of factors that influence the success of participatory processes: active participant involvement, complete information exchange, fair decision making, efficient administration, and positive participant interactions. Processes incorporating these factors will produce decisions that are more likely to be supported by stakeholders, meet management objectives, and fulfill conservation goals. This framework contributes to the MPA social science literature and responds to calls in the conservation literature to increase the use of social science research to inform conservation decision making.     

生态环境保护公众参与的不同层次分析

人类赖以生存的自然环境遭到破坏,会给社会、经济、政治的发展带来严重影响,也会对人类健康造成危害。保护生态环境,光靠政府采取措施、调整政策、加强环境公共事务的管理还不够,还必须有广大民众,各个层次的社团、组织的参与。文章从民众、民间团体、国际组织3个层面分析了生态环境保护公众参与的必然性、必要性。     

公众参与环境管理的理论与实践创新

建设项目环境管理公示制度，环境违法行为有奖举报制度和工业企业环境行为信息公开化制度是目前我国公众参与环境管理制度的实践创新。这些制度的实施对维护公民的合法环境权益。完善环境管理制度，促进我国环保事业的发展具有重要意义。     

论环境规划中的公众参与

环境规划是环境保护管理工作的重要内容之 一，在规划的整个过程中公众参与是非常重要的。论 述了环境规划中公众参与的作用、存在问题和挑战。     

Getting stakeholder participation ‘right’: a discussion of participatory processes and possible pitfalls

The planning step of an ecological risk assessment includes the largest role for public participation in the entire assessment, for it is here that the risk manager must ensure that the assessment will yield the information he needs to make a decision. This essay discusses some general characteristics of public participation in ecological risk assessments, including the ways in which different lifestyles may lead to the establishment of community specific management goals and hence of different endpoints; the type and nature of the input provided by the public to the risk assessment and the ways in which input from the public differs from input from the scientific community; and a discussion of definitions of stakeholders and participatory processes which emphasizes their contextual nature. The essay concludes with a review of some of the challenges facing a risk manager as he designs a participatory process. Six major areas are discussed, each incorporating suggestions that should reduce difficulties in implementation of such a process and increase the likelihood of acceptance of its outcome, and hence the overall quality of the risk assessment.