The post-political nature of marine spatial planning and modalities for its re-politicisation

ABSTRACT

Marine spatial planning (MSP) has become the most adopted approach for sustainable marine governance. While MSP has transformative capacity, evaluations of its implementation illustrate large gaps between how it is conceptualised and how it is practiced. We argue that these gaps arise from MSP being implemented through post-political processes. Although MSP has been explored through post-political lenses, these evaluations are incomplete and do not provide sufficient detail about the complex nature of the post-political condition. Drawing on seminal literature, we conceptualise the post-political as consisting of highly interconnected modalities of depoliticisation, including: neoliberalism; choreographed participation; path dependency; technocratic-managerialism; and the illusion of progressive change. Using these modalities as an analytical framework, we evaluate English MSP and find that it focuses on entrenching neoliberal logic through: tokenistic participation; wholescale adoption of path-dependent solutions; obstructionist deployment of inactive technological solutions; and promising progressive change. We do not, however, view the post-political condition as unresolvable and we develop a suite of suggestions for the re-politicisation of MSP which, collectively, could form the basis for more radical forms of MSP.     

建立公众参与环境影响评价制度

环境评价过程中实施公众参与可提高环境评价的有效性，还可使环境影响评价制定的环境保护措施更具合理性、实用性和可操作性，同时，也体现了环境影响评价工作和对有关部门对公众利益和权利的尊重，并在公众参与的活动中提高公众的环境意识。目前，我国环境影响评价工作中公众参与虽然一直在进行研究，并不断实践着，但对于具体操作却没有详细规定，使得公众参与在实践中存在一定的局限性，因此，有效实施公众参与，建立完善的公众参与环境影响评价制度有着极为重要的理论和现实意义。     

环境保护领域中环境NGO作用探讨

20世纪80年代以来，国际社会中非政府组织蓬勃发展。环境NGO（环境保护非政府组织）成为国际环境保护领域中的一股新生力量。阐述了环境NGO的定义、属性及其发展过程。分析了环境NGO在国际环保领域所起的作用、前景。指出了环境NGO对中国环境保护的启示作用。     

淮河／太湖流域水污染防治的公众参与机制研究

针对准渺太湖流域水污染防治的公众参与问题，在淮河/太湖流域选择有代表性的44个市（县）开展了淮河／太湖流域水污染防治公众意见调查。通过对调查资料的整理分析，得出结果：对于淮河／太湖流域水污染防治工作公众认知度和参与度相对较低，缺乏有效的公众参与机制，在一定程度上影响了水污染防治工作的有效落实。因此在今后的防治工作中要进一步加强公众参与机制的建立，实现人人参与环境保护和管理的局面。     

环境影响评价公众参与的实例分析

简述了我国环境影响评价中公众参与的产生和发展 ,介绍了公众参与的几种常用方法 ,并通过实例分析阐明公众参与在环境影响评价中的重要作用。     

The classification of lands managed for conservation: existing and proposed frameworks, with particular reference to Australia

Comprehensive classification systems to accurately account for lands managed for biodiversity conservation, are an essential component of conservation planning and policy. The current international classification systems for lands managed for nature conservation are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on Australia. The need for a broader, all-encompassing, categorisation of lands managed for conservation is presented and a proposed broader categorisation system is developed—the Conservation Lands Classification. This classification system has the advantage of incorporating data on both tenure and protection mechanisms and has been applied in this paper using conservation lands in three Australian jurisdictions as examples. It is envisaged that this method of classification has the potential to significantly improve the ability to measure current and future trends in nature conservation across all land types at a variety of scales and hence is put forward in order to stimulate discussion on this important topic.     

浅谈环境保护中的公众参与

简述了公众参与环境保护工作的作用,分析当前现行的环保制度下我国公众参与环境保护存在的问题并提出今后加强环境保护公众参与的对策。     

环境影响评价中公众参与的问题与对策

公众参与是环境影响评价中的重要内容，它是项目方或环境工作组与公众之间的一种双向交流。在环境影响评价过程中实施公众参与，可以提高环评的有效性，增强全民族的环保意识，促进环境影响评价的完善。目前，我国环境影响评价中的公众参与还不十分成熟，进行公众参与的方法没有统一的规定。文章提出我国公众参与主要存在以下几个问题：力量薄弱、形式简单、规范滞后、影响有限。针对这些问题提出了改进措施：增强信息沟通及沟通的有效性、完善公众参与的法律制度、明确公众参与的具体内容。     

环境法中的公众参与原则

公众参与是我国环境法的一项基本原则。该文阐述了公众参与原则的内涵、我国公众参与环境保护的法律基础及存在问题，并就完善环境法．中公众参与机制提出建议。     

浅析环境影响评价中的"公众参与"

当前,我国建设项目EIA中的公众参与存在缺少具体法律规定、信息交流主体及其关系不明、沟通形式单一、时段"滞后"、结果缺乏公开性等问题.为此,应明确其法律地位建立完善机制和加强宣传教育.