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71.
The distribution of lignin in sediment is a useful tool for tracing the transport of land-derived organic matter in an aquatic
environment. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) flash chemopyrolysis, or chemolysis followed by GC–MS analysis can be used
for evaluating the origin of organic carbon in sediments. TMAH chemopyrolysis or chemolysis of organic matter produces a myriad
of semi-volatile products. Among these products are methylated phenols which are an indirect measure of lignin in sediment.
In this study, total organic carbon, elemental carbon, and lignin were measured in Lake Mead sediments. This study indicates
that terrestrial runoff makes a contribution to Lake Mead sediments, and that this contribution is most apparent in sediment
that is close to the Las Vegas Wash. Two chemolysis methods (on-line and off-line) were examined and compared for detection
of lignin phenols. The results from these sediment cores indicate that comparable results can be obtained from the two approaches,
although detection levels are significantly lower for the off-line approach. 相似文献
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73.
Jiaxue Yu Junqing Xu Zhenchen Li Wenzhi He Juwen Huang Junshi Xu Guangming Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):19
74.
Shiguan Yang Xinrui Fan Ji Liu Wei Zhao Bin Hu Qiang Lu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):120
75.
Reaction kinetics is fundamental for modelling the thermal oxidation of a solid phase, in processes such as dust explosions, combustion or gasification. The methodology followed in this study consists in i) the experimental identification of the reaction mechanisms involved in the explosion of organic powders, ii) the proposal of simplified mechanisms of pyrolysis and oxidation, iii) the implementation of the model to assess the explosion severity of organic dusts. Flash pyrolysis and combustion experiments were carried out on starch (22 μm) and cellulose (53 μm) at temperatures ranging from 973 K to 1173 K. The gases generated were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography. In this paper, a semi-global pyrolysis model was developed for reactive systems with low Damköhler number. It is in good agreement with the experimental data and shows that both carbon monoxide and hydrogen are mainly generated during the pyrolysis of the solid, the generation of the latter compound being greatly promoted at high temperature. A simplified combustion model was also proposed by adding two oxidation reactions of the pyrolysis products. In parallel, flame propagation tests were performed in a semi open tube in order to assess the burning velocity of such compounds. The laminar burning velocity of cellulose was determined to be 21 cm s−1. Finally, this model will be integrated to a predictive model of dust explosions and its validation will be based on experimental data obtained using the 20 L explosion sphere. The explosion severity of cellulose was determined and will be used to develop and adjust the predictive model. 相似文献
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78.
Characterization of human manure-derived biochar and energy-balance analysis of slow pyrolysis process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xuan Liu Zifu Li Yaozhong Zhang Rui Feng Ibrahim Babatunde Mahmood 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(9):1619-1626
Biochars have received increasing attention in recent years because of their soil improvement potential, contaminant immobilization properties, and ability to function as carbon sinks. This study adopted a pyrolytic process to prepare a series of biochars from dried human manure at varying temperatures. The thermal analysis of human manure and physicochemical properties of the resulting biochars illustrated that human manure can be a favorable feedstock for biochar production. In particular, the porous texture and nutrient-rich properties of biochars produced from human manure and may significantly enhance soil fertility when used as used soil additives. A temperature range of 500–600 °C was optimal for human manure biochar production. Significantly, when the moisture content of the feedstock is lower than 57%, the system could not only harvest manure-derived biochar but also have a net energy output, which can be provide heat source for nearby users. 相似文献
79.
Animal manures generally contain high levels of heavy metals that may pose a significant threat to soil and groundwater qualities. Pyrolysis as means of reducing metal availability in such feed stocks is recently encouraged, but systematic studies are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of pyrolysis temperature on the availability of Cu and Zn by chemical extraction, to determine the speciation of Cu and Zn by synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy, and finally to investigate the phase distribution of metal species in the carbonaceous materials by combining acid–base extractions and absorption spectroscopy data. The results showed that both Cu and Zn in the swine manure were mainly bound to organic functional groups. Cu (II) reduction and Cu (I)–S complexes were observed during the pyrolysis process. Zn species resembling ZnAc2 was still dominant, being 60.8–69.2%, and ZnS increased by 6.6–21.8% in the carbonaceous materials. The distribution of Cu and Zn in the mineral, carbonized and non-carbonized organic phases varied greatly with the pyrolysis temperature. The higher the temperature, the more the metals existed in the mineral phase and carbonized organic phase. The decrease of EDTA extractable Cu and Zn with pyrolysis temperature was due to the increase of metals in the carbonized organic phase and mineral phase. It is suggested that pyrolysis at the relatively higher temperature is a better choice for metal-containing manure according to the metal speciation, solubility and availability. 相似文献
80.