Assessing cypermethrin-contaminated soil with three di erent earthworm test methods

A series of tests (lethal, sublethal, and behavioral) on earthworms were conducted as an eco-assessment of pesticides. In this study, the toxicity of cypermethrin-contaminating soil on adult and juvenile earthworms was assessed. Beside the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was carried out. It was shown that the all-round toxicity from cypermethrin was weak on adult earthworms. Compared with adult earthworms, the toxicity of juvenile earthworms from cypermethrin especially chronic toxicity increased significantly. Growth and reproduction of earthworms appeared to be more severely a ected by cypermethrin at juvenile stage than at adult stage. Applied at 10 mg/kg, cypermethrin had obvious adverse impact on the growth of juvenile earthworms, while 20 mg/kg, cypermethrin caused significant toxic e ects in reproduction. The results also indicated that ecotoxicological risk assessment using only adult specimens may underestimate the e ects of cypermethrin on soil invertebrate populations.     

纤维素酶液体发酵工艺条件的响应面分析优化

借助于MINITAB软件,采用Plackett-Burman试验设计法及响应面法分析,对纤维素酶高产菌康氏木霉Trichoderma koningii P12进行了发酵工艺条件的优化研究。首先利用Plackett Burman试验设计筛选出影响产酶的三个主要因素,即装液量、稻草粉浓度和麦麸浓度。在此基础上用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析。结果表明,装液量和稻草粉浓度与纤维素酶活存在显著的相关性,通过求解回归方程得到优化发酵条件:当装液量56.5mL、稻草粉浓度37.4g/L和麦麸浓度11.3g/L时,纤维素酶产量达到63.32U/mL。经三批培养验证,预测值与验证试验平均值接近,在此优化条件下纤维素酶活提高了96.7%。     

基于ANSYS的球型储罐防风模拟分析

在风力载荷作用下,应用ANSYS 结构动力学有限元程序对球型储罐进行防风模拟分析,针对球型储罐的3种典型不连续结构,分别给出了球壳与盖板连接区域、支柱区域及拉杆区域的应力云图,并分析和对比了各区域的应力响应.     

Responses of wheat seedlings to cadmium, mercury and trichlorobenzene stresses

The molecular response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.,cv.Yangmai 10) seedlings to heavy metal (Cd,Hg) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) stresses were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,image analysis,and peptide mass fingerprinting.The results showed inhibitions of root and shoot growth by Cd,Hg and TCB.These stresses led to water deficit and lipid phosphorylation in the seedling which also promoted protein phophorylation in the leaves.Hg stress inhibited protein synthesis while Cd and TCB stresses induced or up-regulated more proteins in the leaves.Most of these induced proteins played important roles in the biochemical reactions involved in tolerance of wheat to Cd and TCB stresses.The primary functions of Cd- and TCB-induced proteins included methionine metabolism,Rubisco modification,protein phosphorylation regulation,protein configuration protection,H+ transmembrane transportation and also the synthesis of ethylene defense substances and cell wall compounds.     

Optimization of parameters on photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol using TiO2 as photocatalyist by response surface methodology

The experimental design methodology was applied for modeling and optimizing the operation parameters on photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP) using TiO2 as photocatalyst in a photoreactor. Three experimental parameters (including pH, TiO2 concentration and CAP initial concentration) were adopted to obtain the preliminary information. The multivariate experimental design was employed to establish a quadratic model as a functional relationship between the degradation rate of CAP and three experimental parameters. The interaction e ects and optimal parameters were obtained by using Design Expert software. The optimal values of the operation parameters under the related constraint conditions were found at pH 6.4, TiO2 concentration of 0.94 g/L and CAP initial concentration of 19.97 mg/L, respectively. The degradation rate of CAP approached 85.97% under optimal conditions. The regression analysis with R2 value of 0.9519 had a good agreement between the experimental results and the predictive values. In addition, pH and TiO2 concentration had a significant influence on the degradation rate of CAP.     

土坡滑坡应急处置技术与防控机理研究

为适应滑坡应急处置的需要,在分析常见滑坡防控措施与机理后,选用螺旋锚作为应急处置的技术手段,研制开发了车载施工设备,大大提高了快速反应能力与机动性。对于降雨渗水引起的滑坡,提出了锚固与反滤导渗相结合的防控机理,综合提高坡体的稳定性。该技术方法具有处置速度快、劳动强度低的特点。     

地震灾害下城市供水网络韧性评估及优化研究

为提升城市供水网络应对地震灾害的能力,基于性能响应函数(PRF)方法,引入基础设施网络均衡理论,设计综合考虑城市供水网络物理状态和输送能力的性能时程响应函数,构建贯穿结构和功能双维度的地震灾害下城市供水网络韧性评估方法;从灾害概率、灾害后果、恢复速度、恢复程度等4个关键因素出发,提出城市供水网络网状扩张、管道延性改造、增加恢复资源和提升恢复储备等韧性优化策略;以我国华东某市供水网络为例,定量评估不同优化策略下的韧性提升效果,提出不同决策场景下恢复资源r和恢复储备b的优化配置方法。结果表明:管网延性改造是提升供水网络韧性的有效措施,网状扩张能提升供水网络性能,但对韧性提升无明显作用,网状扩张后要注意增加网络恢复资源和恢复储备。     

以消防部队为依托的城市公共安全应急系统的硬软件建设

通过对国家"十五"科技攻关课题——"城市公共安全综合试点"历时4年的研究,杭州市以消防部队为主要处置力量,以消防指挥为主要应急体系,对该市公共安全应急系统的硬软件建设进行了探索;借助现代通讯、网络、信息、图像处理与传输、监控等先进技术,通过城市高空望网络、远程监控系统、自动报警系统、移动通讯指挥平台和灭火救援辅助决策系统、危险源辨识、风险和力量评估、综合安全规划等方面的建设,为其他城市的公共安全应急系统的硬软件建设提供了借鉴和参考,从而提高我国城市公共安全应急能力。     

基于同步辐射光源的X射线荧光分析技术研究匐枝青藓对铅污染的生物响应

为了研究苔藓植物对铅元素的富集特征和对铅污染的生物响应特性,选用多年生、植株体较大、分布广泛且易于采集的匐枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)为试验材料,在试验区使用不同浓度(0-3.0 mmol·L-1的Pb2+污染液对人工栽植的匐枝青藓进行了动态胁迫试验(7-28d).使用同步辐射光源的x射线...     

特大突水灾害外排水应急处置的工程实践

以徐州矿务集团旗山矿特大水量酸性矿井水突水灾害应急处置的工程实践为例,分别就韩桥矿、旗山矿、白集矿在应急状态下采用的处置工程进行了论述。实践表明,按照因地制宜的原则,尽可能利用现有的塌陷区、排水渠及小河道等,以石灰中和法处理特大水量酸性矿井水,是最快速、最经济、最有效的方案。本实践为类似突水事件的环境应急处置提供了很好的借鉴,具有较大的推广应用价值。