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201.
黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场果园景观生态建设研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过对黑岱沟露天煤矿开发所形成新的人工环境条件下的气候和土壤等因子分析,应用景观生态学原理,规划建设了以观赏为主的果园观生态建设。通过对所载植果树和其它乔灌木的观测研究,筛选出了适宜于排土场生长的杏树、苹果梨、123苹果、山桃等果树品种,以及油松、旱柳、榆树、沙棘、玫瑰和先辈乔灌木品种,完成了排土场的景观生态建设工作,为矿区大面积土地复垦提供了依据。 相似文献
202.
203.
Pierrick Blanchard Nicolas Hanuise Stéphanie Dano Henri Weimerskirch 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(5):767-773
Sex ratio theory is one of the most controversial topics in evolutionary ecology. Many deviations from an equal production
of males and females are reported in the literature, but few patterns appear to hold across species or populations. There
is clearly a need to identify fitness effects of sex ratio variation. We studied this aspect in a population of a long-lived
seabird, the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans), using molecular sex-identification techniques. We report that parental traits affect both (1) fledgling traits in a sex-dependent
way and (2) chick sex: Sons are overproduced when likely to be large at fledging and, to a lesser extent, daughters are overproduced
when likely to be in good body condition at fledging. Because for the same population, a previous study reported that post-fledging
survival was positively affected by size in males and by body condition in females, our results suggest that wandering albatrosses
manipulate offspring sex to increase post-fledging survival. 相似文献
204.
珍稀植物濒危机制及保育策略中的营养条件 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14
首先简要论述了珍稀植物濒危的原因、濒危机制的各种理论和研究方法,包括就地保护和迁地保护两个方面的保育策略的制定与实践。然后着重从营养条件的角度对这些理论和现状进行了分析。认为濒危物种在其历史演化过程中存在的脆弱环节以及活植物迁地保护的评价标准均与营养条件密切相关,营养条件可能是某些物种濒危机制中的一个重要组成部分;营养条件方面的研究可以为保护区设立的大小提出指导性意见;珍稀植物迁地保护过程中应密切关注营养条件的影响;营养条件在一定程度上决定了对某些物种保育策略的制定;将分子生物学与植物营养学的研究方法相结合,将能成为珍稀植物濒危机制及保育策略研究中的一种有效手段。 相似文献
205.
给水气浮工艺浮渣絮凝调理的最佳条件 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对给水气浮浮渣,选用阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)以及聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(HCA)作絮凝剂,调理后进行离心脱水试验,研究絮凝调理的最佳条件。试验结果表明低pH值有利于4种絮凝剂对浮渣离心脱水性能的改善;对于4种絮凝剂,都存在着一个最佳絮凝条件,其中阴离子型和非离子型PAM的最佳絮凝条件较阳离子型PAM和HCA需要更高的混合和反应转速以及更长的混合和反应时间。 相似文献
206.
207.
J. Martín L. de Neve V. Polo J. A. Fargallo M. Soler 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,60(6):778-784
Predators may select more often to attack the more vulnerable prey or those with an inferior health status. Thus, prey should be able to assess their own vulnerability to predation and modify their antipredatory behavior accordingly. When approached by predator skuas, unguarded penguin chicks flee short distances, and usually aggregate in dense packs, but there is a clear interindividual variability in their responses under similar conditions. We hypothesized that this variability in escape responses might be related to the perceived vulnerability to predation of each individual chick. We simulated predator attacks to chinstrap penguin chicks and analyzed the sources of variation in their escape response, such as the presence of adults or the density of other chicks, and the sex, age, body condition, and health status of responding chicks. Chicks allowed shorter approach distances when they had a better health condition (i.e., a greater T-cell-mediated immunity, CMI), when they were younger, and when the density of adults around was higher. Sex and density of other chicks were not important. Similarly, chicks fled from the experimenter to longer distances when they had a lower CMI and when the density of adults was lower. Therefore, escape characteristics of chicks depended on the presence of adults that can deter predators and on the health-dependent vulnerability of chicks. 相似文献
208.
产类胡萝卜素菌株的筛选及其培养条件初探 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
从土壤、植物落花、细菌污染的组织培养二三角瓶里的培养基上及被细菌污染的LB琼脂平板上分离筛选出十几株产类胡萝卜素的菌株,其中从污染的LB琼脂平板上分离的一株菌落颜色为黄色的菌株PBH,分类鉴定为库特氏菌属(Kurthia sp.).菌株在以葡萄糖为碳源,添加番茄汁(3.6mL/L)、芝麻油(1.6mL/L)、Na2CO3(6g/L)和磷酸缓冲盐的液体培养基中28℃振荡培养5d,每mL培养液细胞生物量湿重达到65.57mg,类胡萝卜素产量达到9.896μg,菌体每g湿重细胞胡萝卜素含量为150.9μg.图10参13 相似文献
209.
Markus??stEmail author Ron?Ydenberg Kai?Lindstr?m Mikael?Kilpi 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,54(5):451-457
Both theoretical and empirical work has shown that group size increases with increasing ecological constraints on solitary breeding. Ecological constraints refer to extrinsic factors such as availability of breeding sites, food or mates. Common eider (Somateria mollissima) females pool their broods and share brood-rearing duties, or rear broods alone. Females are often in poor condition at hatching, as incubation is accomplished without feeding, and variation in body condition is largely environmentally induced and thus unpredictable. We found that the intensity of and duration of parental care that females provide is positively correlated with their body condition at hatching. This suggests that body condition is an ecological constraint on successful solitary breeding. We further observed that group productivity in common eider broods is a decelerating function of the number of tending females. As predicted, females in poorer condition (i.e., facing stronger ecological constraints) were found in larger groups. This result is straightforward if solitary tenders can enter any group at no cost. However, if entry is group-controlled, stable groups of non-relatives are predicted not to occur when per capita reproduction declines with group size. The N-person staying incentive model permits groups to form under these conditions, because reproduction is unevenly divided between dominants and subordinates in the group. We discuss the plausibility of these alternative models of group size for understanding the grouping behavior of brood-caring female common eiders.Communicated by M. Webster 相似文献
210.
土壤条件与植物响应 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
植物对土壤状况的反应并不仅仅表现为根系具有吸收水分和营养元素的能力。植物根系能够感应到土壤的某些不利因素,对枝干发出信号,从而锻炼植株以抵抗退化或严酷的环境。这种信号能影响植株气孔导度、细胞伸长、细胞分裂及叶的出现速度等:对植物生长有重要影响的土壤物理条件包括土壤硬度、容器大小、孔隙大小和土壤干燥度等,在这些条件极端化的情况下,植物往往表现为生长变缓,根、叶等器官形态发牛改变。而在某些土壤化学条件不利的情况下,如土壤酸度增加、养分缺乏或发生铝毒时,植物则通过产生根际分泌物、降低生长速率及富集作用等来适应环境,维持生命。了解植物对不良环境的适应机制有利于筛选出具有一定抗性的优良基因类型。 相似文献