热解条件对废旧电路板真空热解油的成分的影响

采用GC/MS检测,研究最终温度(400、500和600℃)和升温速率(5、10和15℃/min)对废旧电路板真空热解油的成分的影响。研究表明,最终温度过高(600℃)、升温速率较小(5℃/min)或较大(15℃/min)都不利于热解油的形成,反而增大不凝气的产量。升高最终温度会增强较低碳数物质的热解效果,产生更多的不凝气;但同时也会限制较高碳数物质的热解,出现较多的环化、聚合反应生成结构复杂的物质。升温速率较高(15℃/min),会产生大量不饱和物质,其在后续发生环化、聚合等反应,生成更多的C14~C18,C6~C9含量则大幅下降。从热解油产量和GC/MS检测结果看,升温速率为10℃/min、最终温度为500℃和恒温1 h,热解充分,热解油C6~C9含量高,有较高的综合利用价值。     

一株苯酚高效降解菌的生长条件

为了提高高效菌株的降酚活力,运用单因素实验和正交试验,对一株优势降酚菌GPS-1的生长条件进行了较为系统的研究。单因素实验结果表明,GPS-1菌株的活性范围是:温度20~40℃,PH 5.0~9.0,外加碳源(葡萄糖)浓度0~1000 mg/L,盐浓度0~8 g/L;考虑动力消耗,溶解氧(摇床转速)应为180 r/min。由正交试验可知:影响GPS-1菌株生长的最主要因素是温度,其次是pH值和外加碳源浓度;且菌株的最佳生长条件为:温度30℃,pH值7.0,外加碳源浓度1000 mg/L。这一实验结果为生物法处理含酚废水提供了可靠的控制条件。     

Metolachlor persistence in laboratory and field soils under Indian tropical conditions

Abstract

Metolachlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐1‐methylethyl)‐2'‐ethyl‐6'‐methyl acetanilide] dissipation under both field and laboratory conditions were studied during summer season in an Indian soil. Metolachlor was found to have moderate persistence with a half‐life of 27 days in field. The herbicide got leached down to 15–30 cm soil layer and residues were found up to harvest day of the sunflower crop in both 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil layers. Metolachlor was found to be more persistent in laboratory studies conducted for 190 days. The rate of degradation was faster in soil under flooded partial anaerobic conditions as compared to aerobic soil with a half‐life of 44.3 days. In aerobic soil, metolachlor was very stable with only 49% dissipation in 130 days. Residues remained in both the soils up to the end of the experimental period of 190 days.     

电除尘器比电阻软件测算研究与应用

为了进一步提高静电除尘器的收尘效率、降低能耗,对粉尘比电阻这一重要影响因素进行了研究。依据粉尘比电阻值定义,建立了收尘极板上粉尘层压降模型,提出了利用压降模型和伏安拟合特性曲线数学表征式来在线测算真实工况下粉尘层比电阻的实现方法。以480C型阳极板、RS芒刺阴极线极配形式进行了模拟验证实验,结果表明测算所得的比电阻数值与实际值相符。最后对现有电除尘控制系统中基于比电阻值的反馈控制方法做了简要介绍。     

混凝工艺水力条件的优化与絮体尺寸特性的研究

制造更优的混合和絮凝设备,其核心技术在于设备所提供的水力条件是否更加有利于絮体的形成、是否更加有利于水质处理效果的提高。以成都市府南河水为原水,在不同的快搅强度和不同的快搅时间下进行混凝杯罐实验,混凝剂为硫酸铝、氯化铁,采用激光粒度仪Mastersizer 2000测量絮体平均粒径随时间的变化过程,以去除浊度为目标,分析最优水力条件。实验得到如下结论:(1)快搅强度对氯化铁混凝剂水质处理效果有着明显的影响,快搅时间对硫酸铝和氯化铁混凝剂水质处理效果均有明显影响;(2)以浊度为去除目标,对于硫酸铝通过实验确定快速搅拌强度为250 r/min时,快速搅拌时间为60 s时,水质处理效果最好;(3)以浊度为去除目标,对于氯化铁确定快速搅拌强度为300 r/min时,快速搅拌时间为60 s时,水质处理效果最好。     

海洋细菌产淀粉酶条件的研究

采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸显色法测定淀粉酶的酶活,研究碳源、氮源、各种理化因素等培养条件对细菌产淀粉酶的影响.结果表明,最佳碳源为麸皮,最佳氮源为蛋白胨,最适初始PH值为7.90-8.20,培养温度31℃,在装液量为100mL三角瓶中装液40mL.通过对发酵条件的优化,酶活比未优化前提高了2.71倍.     

阜康市休闲农业资源定量评价初探

休闲农业资源评价是休闲农业规划与设计的基础工作。本文采用层次分析法,构建了包括资源条件、开发条件、旅游条件三方面的休闲农业资源定量评价模型并计算分析相应权重,最后选取同属乌鲁木齐都市圈中间层的呼图壁县、昌吉市和五家渠市进行评价研究。通过分析和计算得出:资源条件因素权重最大为0.7306,其次是开发条件因素为0.1884,最后是旅游条件因素为0.0810;呼图壁县、昌吉市、五家渠市和阜康市休闲农业开发总得分分别为67.8、84.7、78.4、82.4,阜康市居第二位,开发潜力大。阜康市农业资源丰富,交通便捷,区位条件优良,经济和旅游业发展较快,具备发展休闲观光农业的优势。     

Body mass and parental decisions in the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica : how long should the parents guard the chick?

In Procellariiformes, the parents guard the chick after it has attained homeothermy. This strategy may reduce the probability that a small chick is taken by predators, but is costly as only one parent can forage at a time. The decision to leave the chick may therefore be a compromise between the chick's vulnerability to predators, the body condition of the parent on the nest and whether the foraging parent returns in time. We studied how the number of days that parents guarded the chick was related to the body mass of the parent at the nest and the time the foraging parent spent at sea in the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica. We also examined how the body mass of the parent on the nest and the duration of the foraging trips influenced the chicks' body condition at the end of the guarding period. When the foraging parent did not return to the nest in time to relieve its mate, the number of days the parent on the nest kept guarding the chick was positively related to its body mass on arrival in the colony. The number of days the foraging parent spent at sea was positively related to the body mass of its mate, but those that returned in time had a shorter stay at sea relative to their mate's body mass than those that did not return before their mate had left. Apparently, both the body mass of the parent at the nest and the ability of the foraging parent to adjust its stay at sea to the mate's body mass is important for the number of days the parents guard the chick and also the chick's body condition at this point. The inability to return to the nest before the mate has left may be the result of needing a minimum amount of time at sea to find food, or because some parents having low foraging success and therefore prolong their stay at sea. Received: 10 October 1997 / Accepted after revision: 14 March 1998     

环境监测分析中的有关问题探讨——指示剂,显色剂的应用

本文介绍了在环境监测分析中一些常用指示剂,显色剂的使用条件,以及在不同条件下对分析结果产生的影响和干扰,及其干扰的消除。