Carotenoid-based bill and eye ring coloration as honest signals of condition: an experimental test in the red-legged partridge (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Alectoris rufa</Emphasis>)

Carotenoid pigments cannot be synthesized by vertebrates but must be ingested through the diet. As they seem to be a limited resource, carotenoid-based ornaments are particularly interesting as possible honest signals of individual quality, in particular of foraging efficiency and nutritional status. Some studies have demonstrated the condition dependence of carotenoid-based plumage in birds. However, many other carotenoid-pigmented bare parts (i.e. skin, caruncles, bills, cere, and tarsi) are present in birds but, in comparison with plumage, little is known about these traits as indicators of individual quality. Here, we show that the eye ring pigmentation and bill redness of the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) are positively associated to body condition and recent changes in body mass. Also, we found a negative relationship between these two traits and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, an indicator of physiological stress (the relationship with bill redness being significant only for males). In an experiment, we found that after a period of reduction in food intake (with the consequent loss of body mass), food-restricted birds showed lower eye ring pigmentation than ad-libitum-fed birds. Therefore, different ornaments seem to reflect changes in body condition but at different speeds or intensities (eye ring, a fleshy ornament, appears to respond more rapidly to changes in the nutritional status than a keratinized structure as the bill). These results indicate that carotenoid-based ornaments are condition-dependent traits in the red-legged partridge, being therefore susceptible to be employed as honest signals of quality in sexual selection.     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌B212的培养条件研究

对高效絮凝剂产生菌B212进行了培养基成分和培养条件的正交实验研究。实验表明,菌B212产絮凝剂的培养基成分配比(ρ)最佳方案为A4B2C1:蔗糖25g/L、尿素0.5g/L、NaCl 0.5g/L、FeSO4 0.01g/L;最佳培养条件为:培养基初始pH值5、培养温度25℃、转速160r/min。在上述最适培养条件下,培养42h产生的絮凝剂对高岭土悬液的絮凝率可达到92.5%。     

Treatment of phenol wastewater by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process

The catalyst of CuOx/Al2O3 was prepared by the dipping-sedimentation method using γ-Al2O3 as a carrier. CuO and Cu2O were loaded on the surface of γ-Al2O3, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the presence of CuOx/Al2O3, the microwave-induced chlorine dioxide (ClO2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L phenol. The relationships between removal percentage and initial ClO2 concentration, catalyst dosage, microwave power, contact time, initial phenol concentration and pH were investigated and the results showed that microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 process could effectively degrade contaminants in a short reaction time with a low oxidant dosage, extensive pH range. Under a given condition (ClO2 concentration 80 mg/L, microwave power 50 W, contact time 5 min, catalyst dosage 50 g/L, pH 9), phenol removal percentage approached 92.24%, corresponding to 79.13% of CODCr removal. The removal of phenol by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process was a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, which fitted pseudo-first-order by kinetics. Compared with traditional ClO2 oxidation, ClO2 catalytic oxidation and microwave-induced ClO2 oxidation, microwave-induced ClO2 catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency. It provides an effective technology for the removal of phenol wastewater.     

河北省元氏县佃户营泥石流灾害形成机理及预报方法的研究

元氏县佃户营是河北省太行山区主要泥石流地质灾害频发区,在现场勘察调查的基础上,对元氏县佃户营泥石流的成因进行了详细的研究,研究表罚:元氏县佃户营泥石流形成的物源条件、降雨条件和施势条件均满足泥石流的形成条件,且形成条件充分.在前人研究的基础上,对元氏县佃户营的降雨条件加以分析和研究,从降雨方面给出该泥石流发生的概率.对...     

混凝控制条件的正交优化研究

混凝处理法是一种重要的污水处理技术,控制条件很多,包括混凝剂的种类、混凝剂的投加量、搅拌时间、沉降时间、水温、pH值等。以生活污水为例,利用正交实验法对污水混凝处理的最佳实验条件进行了研究,结果表明混凝剂的投加量是影响混凝效果的最重要因素,当混凝剂硫酸铝的投加量为0.4 mg/L,搅拌强度为250 r/min,反应时间为25 min,沉降时间为40 min时对生活污水的处理效果最好,此时浊度和CODcr的平均去除率分别达到了83.397%和80.0%。     

四种饵料微藻对海水养殖水体N、P的去除研究

为了探索采用微藻处理与综合利用技术净化工厂化海水养殖水体的可行性,研究测定了一些常用饵料微藻对水体N、P的去除能力.主要以绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas sp.)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)和塔胞藻(Pyramimonas sp.)为...     

云南省跨国界水体环境状况调查研究

开展了对云南省跨国界水体水环境及相关信息的全面调查,针对存在的环境问题进行了分析,并对环境安全提出了对策。     

伊宁市生态环境质量评价及保护对策

＂十二·五＂初对伊宁市＂十一·五＂末期生态环境质量进行综合评价,对今后的生态环境保护以及治理都具有很强的参考和指导意义。本文在生态环境质量评价结果统计分析的基础上,找出当前的主要生态环境问题及变化情况,并对此制定出相应生态环境保护具体对策。     

室内模拟不同因子对岩溶作用与碳循环的影响

为分析岩溶作用及岩溶碳循环的影响因素,设计了6个不同的处理以进行模拟实验.结果表明H2SO4含量、水动力条件以及土壤厚度对岩溶作用及岩溶碳循环具有重要影响.具有相同土壤厚度的3个处理,其Ca2++Mg2+浓度与SO2-4浓度均表现为:B20-2B20-1B20-3,B50-2B50-1B50-3,说明H2SO4的输入导致了岩溶作用增强,并且下渗水水量增加对水化学性质产生了明显的稀释作用.在煤铁残渣输入量及水动力条件相同而土壤厚度不同的条件下,Ca2++Mg2+浓度与SO2-4浓度表现为:B50-1B20-1、B50-2B20-2、B50-3B20-3.这说明较厚的土壤更有利于岩溶作用的进行.另外,由于实验中H2CO3对碳酸盐岩的溶解量贡献较小,岩溶作用对CO2的净消耗量主要取决于H2SO4含量.但B50-2的SO2-4浓度最大,CO2的净消耗量却最高.这可能是由于煤铁残渣向土壤中输入了有机质或其它养分促进了土壤深部CO2的形成,并且B50-2上部较厚的土壤也导致了H2CO3对碳酸盐岩溶解量的贡献增加,因此B50-2的CO2净消耗量也比较高.     

中国旅游业基本国情分析

大众旅游时代,中国旅游业已全面融入国家社会经济体系,仅仅从产业视角来研究现阶段中国旅游业发展是不够的,需要从基本国情和国家战略层面予以重新考量。本文以“旅游三体说”为逻辑起点,加入了假日制度变量约束,构建旅游国情研究的基本理论框架,分析中国旅游业基本国情。研究表明：中国旅游业基本国情表现为“超级国家”的“超级旅游”和旅游业发展的“巨国效应”,这种国情同步要求假日制度设计时间的充分保障和游憩空间的有效供给,才能充分释放旅游业综合价值。中国旅游国情分析为认识中国目前旅游业发展提供了一个基本视角。研究结论不仅对中国社会经济发展和和国家旅游业宏观战略有一定决策参考价值,同时对推动中国旅游地理学学科发展具有重要意义和影响。特别是对于旅游地理学而言,这要求中国旅游地理学研究对象从传统景区或旅游目的地研究向以国土游憩空间选择优化方向进行拓展提升,在这一过程中需重新定位思考不同空间维度“旅游地域系统”基本构成要素、系统结构、特征和演化过程与机理、政策制度设计和配套保障措施,完善新时代旅游地理学研究内容、研究方法、研究范式以及与相关学科关系等,进而全面拓展旅游地理学研究领域,提升其学科价值和社会影响。