上海市轨道交通明珠线对沿线不同人群噪声影响调查

采用现场监测和公众参与相结合的方法调查和评价了上海市轨道交通明珠线对沿线居民、学校师生和商办楼办公人员的噪声影响。评价结果表明:明珠线列车运行噪声对沿线居民影响较大,对沿线办公楼和学校的影响相对较轻,且居民在采取噪声防护措施方面相对较为困难。居民对噪声损害赔偿的要求比办公人员和学校师生强烈。     

轨道交通运行引起的场地振动实测研究现状

随着快速轨道交通的发展,轨道交通运行所带来的振动影响越来越严重,而已有的轨道交通运行引起的场地振动实测研究,大多集中在列车速度较低的情况下,已无法解决现行问题.本文通过对轨道交通运行引起的场地振动的现场测试进行评述,总结了目前该实测研究中存在的问题,提出尚需进一步研究的建议.今后的研究需综合分析各种因素对地面振动和地基...     

Route evaluation for hazmat transportation based on total risk - A case of Indian State Highways

Risk-based hazmat transportation route evaluation involves risk calculations taking into consideration the probability of collision related accident occurrence and detailed consequence analysis of various event scenarios. Probabilistic hazmat transportation risk assessment mainly depends on three important factors i.e. accident rate, Average Daily Traffic and population density besides route length which has a definite bearing on it. An effort has been made to estimate the route segment specific (location-specific) accident rate instead of aggregate National or State average values in order to bring specificity into the issue of decision making to avoid routes with higher accident rates. Instead of using default accident rate for different highway types developed with the US data, which are not well-comparable when used in Indian situations; the author used site-specific truck accident data. Subsequently, Loss of Containment (LOC) probabilities and spillage probabilities for different route segments have been computed and compared. Finally, route segment-wise total risk is estimated which is a convenient measure of the average number of persons likely to be exposed from all the possible consequence event scenarios resulting from releases of different hazmats being transported along the studied routes. The present study highlights the route evaluation carried out based on total risk computation, without going through detailed event based consequence analysis on two State Highway routes and one major urban road passing through important industrial corridors of Surat District in western India, to enable routing decisions by local authorities and also for planning emergency mitigation purposes.     

基于复杂网络和熵的城轨路网运营安全评价模型

针对城市轨道交通的特点以及现有城市轨道交通运营安全评价研究现状,从人、机、环、管4个方面分析影响城市轨道交通路网安全运营的要素及其相互作用关系.在此基础上,基于复杂网络理论构建一个能够描述安全要素耦合作用关系的城市轨道交通路网运营安全层次化网络模型,通过对模型的形式化描述及统计参数分析,采用自底向上、微观和宏观相结合的...     

城市轨道交通运营安全事故多圈层匹配创新研究*

为了实现城市轨道交通运营安全事故管理经验的有效重用,运用主题爬虫技术和Access数据库构建城市轨道交通运营安全事故案例库;细分事故文本数据,提取案例关键特征属性,形成相似案例匹配基础;针对案例推理技术在实践应用中存在的不足,创新提出多圈层相似案例匹配策略,并用实例进行验证。研究结果表明:多圈层相似案例匹配策略在城市轨道交通运营安全事故检索应用中具有可行性和高效性。研究结果可对实现事故管理经验重用提供有效借鉴。     

基于城市腹地的乡镇通达性的时空格局及其演化——以湖北荆州市112个乡镇为例

行政边界对路网的分割效应和以出行方向机会均等为前提是当前通达性研究中的两大问题。基于2000~2011年荆州市城乡道路网空间数据库,自下而上揭示了2000~2011年荆州市乡镇通达性的时空格局及其演化特征:(1)基于城市腹地范围的乡镇通达性评价较好的模拟了乡镇的出行意愿,且实现了区内通达性与区际通达性的综合。十多年间,交通网络建设带来的城市腹地时空压缩效应显著:荆州市乡镇地域所属地级市腹地格局由荆州"一城主宰"演变为荆州和岳阳"两城瓜分",所属县级市腹地格局也经历了由"荆州独享"到"周边共享"的发展历程;(2)十多年间,荆州市乡镇通达性空间分布基本遵循距离衰减律,呈现以荆州城区为中心的环状分布格局,且时序上表现出微观动态性和宏观稳定性特征:一是,通达性空间分布呈现由低水平集聚向优化均衡的动态性发展趋势。二是,乡镇通达性空间分布结构由核心-边缘向等级圈层结构的演进。三是,乡镇通达性发育具有时空惯性,呈现显著的快速干道指向性;(3)十多年间,荆州市乡镇通达性发育呈现出"单核单轴弱扩散"→"单核多轴强扩散"→"双核多轴全扩散"的空间演化模式。     

Tube-Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of Carbaryl Residues in Agricultural Products

An antibody-based rapid, quantitative, and qualitative tube enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tube-ELISA) was developed and used to determine carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) residues in agricultural products (apple, Chinese cabbage, rice, and barley). The tube-ELISA is a competitive immunoassay in which the antibody is coated in the polystyrene tube, with a dynamic range between 0.7 and 46.3 μg kg^?1. Carbaryl was extracted from each agricultural sample by hand-shaking with methanol and examined for application to on-site analysis. After the liquid extraction, the sample extracts diluted with buffer were analyzed by rapid tube-ELISA directly. The overall test time was around 15–30 min, including sample preparation and assay performance. The results obtained from tube-ELISA correlated well with high-performance liquid chromatography (R ² > 0.9). The study shows that tube-ELISA is useful as a quality control tool and can be used to quantitatively detect carbaryl as well.     

轨道交通车辆段火灾探测系统对比分析

作为轨道交通网中重要的组成部分,轨道交通车辆段如果发生火灾将直接影响着轨道列车的运行。因此,适用于轨道交通车辆段的火灾探测器对保障车辆段的消防安全至关重要。结合城市轨道交通车辆段结构及环境特点,选取了管路采样吸气式和双鉴成像式线性光束式等两种火灾探测器开展了实体火灾实验。实验对比分析了两种火灾探测器在不同火源工况下的响应情况并综合分析了两种火灾探测器的响应性能,从而为实际工程中轨道交通车辆段火灾探测器的选型及布置提供参考。     

浮置板轨道结构在城市轨道交通减振降噪上的应用

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,其引起的振动和噪声问题得到国内外的重视,如何采用有效的减振降噪措施降低振动的环境影响成为热点问题之一。浮置板轨道隔振措施在国外有几十年的历史,得到广泛的应用,并在近几年成功应用于我国的城市轨道交通系统。在目前的减振措施中,浮置板轨道减振效果最好,可达20~40dB。根据不同的分类方法,评述了浮置板轨道的种类及应用情况,运用动力学原理分析了浮置板轨道的隔振原理。详细介绍了浮置板轨道在国内外应用的实例和减振降噪实测结果,认为浮置板轨道结构是一种高效的减振降噪措施,具有广阔的发展前景。