广州城市轨道交通工程安全管理信息化研究与实践

为解决城市轨道交通工程安全管理信息分散、时效性差、参建单位协同工作能力弱以及安全预警数据支持差等问题,将信息化技术引入轨道交通工程建设中,建立了“广州城市轨道交通工程安全、质量与信访管理平台”,并开发集成“广州地铁视频监控系统”与“广州地铁门禁管控系统”,以求实现城市轨道交通工程安全管理工作的信息化、精细化管理。在广州市轨道交通六号线、七号线、九号线工程的应用表明,安全管理信息化技术能够实现建设单位、监理单位、施工单位、设计单位、监测单位等参建单位的信息共享、协同工作、预警预报,并可提高参建人员的安全管理意识与安全管理水平。     

我国城市轨道交通规划环境影响评价指标体系初探

概述了我国城市轨道交通规划与建设及其规划环评工作现状。在对10个城市轨道交通规划环评指标体系分析的基础上,总结了评价指标体系在结构层次和内容方面存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的关键点。建立了基于交通环境承载力的城市轨道交通规划环评指标体系,并展望了其在城市轨道交通规划环评中的应用前景。     

Numerical analysis of phase behavior during rapid decompression of rich natural gases

The effect of the condensation process on the gas and liquid phase behavior during rapid decompression of rich natural gases is studied in the paper numerically. A one-dimensional mathematical model of transient thermal two-phase flow of compressible multi-component natural gas mixture and liquid phase in a shock tube is developed. The set of mass, momentum and enthalpy conservation equations are solved for the gas and liquid phases. The approach to model a liquid condensation process during rapid decompression of rich natural gas mixture is proposed. The mass transfer between the gas and the liquid is taken into account by introducing the appropriate terms into the governing equations. Thermo-physical properties of multi-component natural gas mixture are calculated by solving the Equation of State (EOS) in the form of the Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK-EOS) model. The proposed liquid condensation model is integrated into the GDP model. A simple case of GDP model, where the liquid was not considered, was extensively validated on base and dry natural gases. The proposed two-phase model is validated against the experiments where the decompression wave speed was measured in rich natural gases at low temperature. It shows a good agreement with the experimental data.     

轨道交通枢纽灾害风险等级评估方法研究

轨道交通枢纽灾害发生具有随机性和复杂性特征。为了评价轨道交通枢纽灾害风险,对轨道交通枢纽运营灾害的进行了调研,应用事故树法对轨道交通枢纽进行了灾害识别;基于物元理论,分析了灾害事件影响后果并协同考虑灾害事件的发生概率,建立轨道交通枢纽灾害风险等级划分标准,确定致灾因子的风险等级;采用层次分析法确定致灾因子权重系数,运用加权平均的原则确定典型灾害风险等级,并应用灾害链理论对灾害风险等级进行修正。最后以实例分析的方式证明该评价方法的可行性和客观性。     

Emission and life-cycle assessment of alternative-fuel buses: a case study of the Delaware Authority of Regional Transit

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 motivated transit agencies to utilize alternative-fuel transit buses in addition to their popular diesel buses. Transit agencies have planned to add a significant number of alternative-fuel buses to their current transit fleets. This study is to inform policy makers who may allocate public funds for alternative-fuel bus projects to make a smarter decision in this regard. For each of the eight alternative-fuel buses, technologies introduced by the ACT, fuel efficiency, life-cycle cost (LCC) and emission are estimated and compared with the available information for the ultralow-sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel buses. A case study in the State of Delaware is presented to demonstrate how the proposed approaches can be employed to evaluate the relative importance of the most viable alternative-fuel transit buses according to the predefined set of criteria. The results show that buses propelled by hybrid-diesel engine have the least LCC and emissions and are the most suitable alternative for the ULSD buses in the short- and midterm.     

滤膜过滤 微波干燥法快速测定水中悬浮物

采用滤膜过滤微波干燥技术,建立了水中悬浮物的快速测定方法。以0.45μm硝酸乙酸纤维素(CN-CA)滤膜为过滤介质,采用变功率连续加热模式,空白湿滤膜在10 min内恒重(900 W/5 min+500 W/5 min),附有悬浮物的湿滤膜在13 min内恒重(900 W/8 min+500 W/5 min)。选择不同质量浓度的高岭土标准样品和不同类别的实际样品进行方法性能测试,结果表明,该方法检出限为5 mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%~7.1%,相对误差为2.0%~5.0%,采用该方法与采用标准方法《水质悬浮物的测定重量法》(GB 11901—89)测定实际样品的结果吻合。该方法显著缩短了水中悬浮物测定的分析时间,精密度和准确度能够满足分析要求,可用于地表水及一般工业排放废水中悬浮物质量浓度的快速测定。     

SKALAR连续流动分析仪测定地表水中的挥发酚

本文通过连续流动分析仪(荷兰SKALAR San++)对地表水中的挥发酚的测定,对校准曲线、加标回收率、相对误差、准确度和精确度等方面进行探究。实验结果表明在浓度范围为20~100 ug/L,挥发酚线性良好,相关系数为r=0.9998,样品加标回收率范围为93.0%~102.0%,当浓度为20.0,60.0 ug/L时,相对误差范围分别为-1.0%~5.5%,-2.3%~3.8%。得到连续流动分析法测定地表水中挥发酚结果是令人满意的,能满足大批量的环境样品快速分析。     

Diagnosis of dissolved organic matter removal by GAC treatment in biologically treated papermill effluents using advanced organic characterisation techniques

Granular activated carbon (GAC) exhaustion rates on pulp and paper effluent from South East Australia were found to be a factor of three higher (3.62 cf. 1.47 kg m⁻³) on Kraft mills compared to mills using Thermomechanical pulping supplemented by Recycled Fibre (TMP/RCF). Biological waste treatment at both mills resulted in a final effluent COD of 240 mg L⁻¹. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was only 1.2 times higher in the Kraft effluent (70 vs. 58 mg L⁻¹), however, GAC treatment of Kraft and TMP/RCF effluent was largely different on the DOC persisted after biological treatment. The molecular mass (636 vs. 534 g mol⁻¹) and aromaticity (5.35 vs. 4.67 L mg⁻¹ m⁻¹) of humic substances (HS) were slightly higher in the Kraft effluent. The HS aromaticity was decreased by a factor of 1.0 L mg⁻¹ m⁻¹ in both Kraft and TMP/RCF effluent. The molecular mass of the Kraft effluent increased by 50 g mol⁻¹ while the molecular mass of the TMP/RCF effluent was essentially unchanged after GAC treatment; the DOC removal efficiency of the GAC on Kraft effluent was biased towards the low molecular weight humic compounds. The rapid adsorption of this fraction, coupled with the slightly higher aromaticity of the humic components resulted in early breakthrough on the Kraft effluent. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix analysis of the each GAC treated effluent indicated that the refractory components were higher molecular weight humics on the Kraft effluent and protein-like compounds on the TMP/RCF effluent. Although the GAC exhaustion rates are too high for an effective DOC removal option for biologically treated pulp and paper mill effluents, the study indicates that advanced organic characterisation techniques can be used to diagnose GAC performance on complex effluents with comparable bulk DOC and COD loads.     

环境污染物快速检测技术的国内外研究进展

介绍了环境污染物的分类与危害,基于目前国内外不同类型污染物快速检测技术的研究进展,综述了包括离子传感器、气体传感器和生物传感器等在内的化学传感器选择性强、成本低廉、可检测痕量污染物的优势,以及便携式检测设备节省时间、避免样品采集、应用领域广泛的特点,并提出了污染物快速检测技术的未来发展方向。     

环境污染事故中重金属优先快速监测方法研究

在国内外重金属监测技术的基础上对环境污染事故中重金属（铜、铅、锌、砷、汞、铬、镉）的两种主要快速监测方法进行了研究。研究结果表明：比色法可测试铜、铅、锌、镉、六价铬5种重金属,且精密度与准确度均较好;阳极溶出伏安法（ASV）可测试铜、铅、锌、镉、砷、汞6种重金属,但测定六价铬时偏差较大;除六价铬和铜外,阳极溶出伏安法的测试范围较比色法宽,且检出限较低;阳极溶出伏安法可同时测定镉、铅、铜3种金属,具有较好的适用性。