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91.
In an urban-transit bus,fueled by biodiesel in Toledo,Ohio,single inhalable particle samples in October 2008 were collected and detected by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM/EDS).Particle size analysis found bimodal distribution at 0.2 and 0.5 μm.The particle morphology was characterized by 14 different shape clusters:square,pentagon,hexagon,heptagon,octagon,nonagon,decagon,agglomerate,sphere,triangle,oblong,strip,line or stick,and unknown,by quantitative order.The square particles were common in the samples.Round and triangle particles are more,and pentagon,hexagon,heptagon,octagon,nonagon,decagon,strip,line or sticks are less.Agglomerate particles were found in abundance.The surface of most particles was coarse with a fractal edge that can provide a suitable chemical reaction bed in the polluted atmospheric environment.The three sorts of surface patterns of squares were smooth,semi-smooth,and coarse.The three sorts of square surface patterns represented the morphological characteristics of single inhalable particles in the air inside the bus in Toledo.The size and shape distribution results were compared to those obtained for a bus using ultra low sulfur diesel. 相似文献
92.
93.
快速法与重铬酸钾回流法测定CODcr的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过回流法测定CODcr分析方法与快速法分别对不同水质类型的水样同时测定分析,找出了两者间存在的一些相关性规律. 相似文献
94.
UPLC-串联质谱法快速测定地表水中多种农药残留 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定地表水中21种氨基甲酸酯和有机磷农药,通过优化试验条件,使方法在0. 500μg/L~100μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0. 1μg/L~6. 2μg/L。对空白水样做3个质量浓度水平的加标回收试验,5次测定结果的RSD为0. 3%~9. 5%,回收率为82. 0%~113%。将该方法用于测定徐州某地表水样品,3个水样均为未检出。 相似文献
95.
96.
浅议气相色谱法测定有机污染物的质量保证 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
姚静华 《环境监测管理与技术》1996,8(5):25-27
阐述了气相色谱法测定有机污染物质量保证方面需加以控制的一些问题。对测试结果的精密度和加标回收率等指标根据样吕的种类和测定项目的不同而定,建议尽快建立各种有机污染物的监测方法和适合我国国情的质量保证方法和控制指标。 相似文献
97.
It is quite rare to find biodegradation in rapid sand filtration for drinking water treatment. This might be due to frequent backwashes and low substrate levels. High chlorine concentrations may inhibit biofilm development, especially for plants with pre-chlorination. However, in tropical or subtropical regions, bioactivity on the sand surface may be quite significant due to high biofilm development—a result of year-round high temperature. The objective of this study is to explore the correlation between biodegradation and chlorine concentration in rapid sand filters, especially for the water treatment plants that practise pre-chlorination. In this study, haloacetic acid (HAA) biodegradation was found in conventional rapid sand filters practising pre-chlorination. Laboratory column studies and field investigations were conducted to explore the association between the biodegradation of HAAs and chlorine concentrations. The results showed that chlorine residual was an important factor that alters bioactivity development. A model based on filter influent and effluent chlorine was developed for determining threshold chlorine for biodegradation. From the model, a temperature independent chlorine concentration threshold (Clthreshold) for biodegradation was estimated at 0.46-0.5 mg L−1. The results imply that conventional filters with adequate control could be conducive to bioactivity, resulting in lower HAA concentrations. Optimizing biodegradable disinfection by-product removal in conventional rapid sand filter could be achieved with minor variation and a lower-than-Clthreshold influent chlorine concentration. Bacteria isolation was also carried out, successfully identifying several HAA degraders. These degraders are very commonly seen in drinking water systems and can be speculated as the main contributor of HAA loss. 相似文献
98.
Shinsaku Dobashi Yoshiki Yamaguchi Yoshinori Izawa Akihide Wada Michikazu Hara 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(2):148-154
This study demonstrates the applicability of laser mass spectrometry for safety management of the processed gas and the work
environment in a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) disposal plant. By utilization of laser ionization/ion trapping storage/time-of-flight
mass spectrometry (LI-IT-TOFMS), we analyzed gaseous PCBs from scrap capacitors with on-line detection. It was confirmed that
few contaminants were detected in the spectrum. By the effect of laser-induced selective ionization, it was considered that
there was little interference with the mass range of PCBs. The accuracy of LI-IT-TOFMS when analyzing environmental gas was
almost the same as that for the PCB standard gas. It was possible to perform on-line analysis of the work environment for
over 2000 h (120 000 data points). LI-IT-TOFMS was thus shown to be a very useful method for ensuring the safety of the work
environment in disposal plants for PCBs. 相似文献
99.
The analysis of the isotopic composition of nuclear or non-nuclear solid materials is performed in a variety of fields, e.g., for quality assurance in the production of nuclear fuels, as signatures in forensics, nuclear safeguards, and non-proliferation control, in material characterization, geology, and archeology. We have investigated the capability of laser ablation (New Wave Research, 213 nm) coupled to time-of-flight (TOF) ICP-MS (GBC OptiMass 8000) as a rapid analytical protocol for multi-isotope screening of nuclear and non-nuclear solid samples. This includes natural and non-natural isotopic compositions for elements including Cu, Zr, Mo, Cd, In, Ba, Ta, W, Re, Pt, Pb, and U, in pure metals, alloys, and glasses. Without correcting for mass bias (mass fractionation), an overall precision and accuracy of about 4% (1σ) can be achieved by minimizing the deposited laser power and thus fractionation (mass removal based on thermal properties). The precision and accuracy in combination with literally no or minimized sample preparation enables a rapid isotope screening of solid samples that is of particular interest to support nuclear forensic and safeguard analysis. 相似文献
100.
为分析苏州轨道交通1号线的开通运行对线路周边的振动环境产生的影响,采用高灵敏度加速度传感器,测试了各种工况下特征断面的地面振动响应。在时域和频域内,比较分析了列车速度、轨道埋深、距离及周边环境对轨道交通引起的地面振动的影响。结果表明,列车通过时传递到地面振动能量主要集中在50~80Hz,在1/3倍频程分析中,63Hz频段的振动最为明显;随着测点距轨道中心线距离的增加,列车通过引起的地面振动逐渐衰减,本次测试中,不同工况的测量断面下,地面振动平均振级均低于《城市区域环境振动标准》(GB 10070—88)规定的限值。 相似文献