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91.
Guoliang Zhang Liang Zhang Xiaoyu Han Shujun Zhang Yongzhen Peng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(2):32
92.
Smith JG 《Environmental management》2003,32(1):77-92
Recovery of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in a small east Tennessee stream impacted by fly ash discharges from a power plant was investigated over a period of 6.5 years. The rate of recovery was greatest in the first 2 years after an initial 75% reduction in coal use led to a similar reduction in ash discharges and associated contaminants; further recovery followed after all fly ash discharges ceased. Recovery of the stream progressed through two phases. In the first phase, which lasted for approximately the first 2 years, most density and richness metrics increased considerably. In the second phase of recovery, the increases in metric values were followed by declines before fluctuating in and out of the lower reference ranges for the metrics. Detrended correspondence analyses and indicator species analyses showed that changes in species composition and community structure were ongoing throughout the second phase. Thus, the first phase was characterized by species additions, while the second phase involved species replacements and shifts in community dominants. Further recovery of the macroinvertebrate community will probably depend on additional flushing of fly ash deposits from the streambed and flood plain, because their continued presence reduces habitat quality in the stream and serves as a potential source of contaminants. Further recovery also may be limited by the availability of vagile species in nearby watersheds. 相似文献
93.
Shunli Zhang Eric Forssberg Bo Arvidson William Moss 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1998,23(4):225-241
The amount of electronic scrap which contains a substantial portion of non-ferrous metals, primarily copper and aluminum, has been growing. The present study is directed toward aluminum recovery by a newly developed eddy current separator. The investigation on shredded personal computer and printed circuit board scrap demonstrates that the High-Force® eddy-current separator will be applicable for this purpose. It has been shown that, by a single pass of the materials on the High-Force® eddy-current separator, an aluminum concentrate out of personal computer scrap can be obtained with a purity of 85%, while maintaining a recovery in excess of 90%, with the feed rate being up to 0.3 kg/min. 相似文献
94.
Seiichi Ishikawa Naoko Ueda Yuji Okumura Yoshikazu Iida Kenzo Baba 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(2):167-172
Spent coagulant in water supply plant sludge was extracted with H2SO4 and the efficiency of the reused coagulant was studied. The optimum pH values for coagulant extraction and clarification
with the reused coagulant were 3.0–4.0 and about 6, respectively. In treating raw influent obtained from a sewage treatment
plant and wastewater from a coastal landfill site, the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and total
phosphorous with the recovered coagulant was higher than that with commercial aluminum sulfate or polyaluminum chloride. In
addition, the sludge settling properties, the extra sludge mass formation, the supernatant quality, and the cost of reagents
were also studied. The coagulant recovered from water supply plant sludge by H2SO4 extraction could be successfully reused for the clarification of domestic and food industry wastewaters. 相似文献
95.
Much work has been done to prepare schools and institutions for the immediate effects of earthquakes and other disasters. This paper looks at the preparation needed for medium to long term recovery from the physical and psychological effects of earthquakes. Colegio Madrid, a school of 3,000 students that suffered major damage in the September 1985 Mexico City earthquake serves as the focus of this study. The experiences and actions of faculty, staff, students and parents at this school provide lessons for not only schools, but all institutions and communities which may face the prospect of reconstructing themselves following a disaster. 相似文献
96.
Ching-Ho Chen Ray-Shyan Wu Wei-Lin Liu Wen-Ray Su Yu-Min Chang 《Environmental management》2009,43(1):166-188
Some countries, including Taiwan, have adopted strategic environmental assessment (SEA) to assess and modify proposed policies,
plans, and programs (PPPs) in the planning phase for pursuing sustainable development. However, there were only some sketchy
steps focusing on policy assessment in the system of Taiwan. This study aims to develop a methodology for SEA in Taiwan to
enhance the effectiveness associated with PPPs. The proposed methodology comprises an SEA procedure involving PPP management
and assessment in various phases, a sustainable assessment framework, and an SEA management system. The SEA procedure is devised
based on the theoretical considerations by systems thinking and the regulative requirements in Taiwan. The positive and negative
impacts on ecology, society, and economy are simultaneously considered in the planning (including policy generation and evaluation),
implementation, and control phases of the procedure. This study used the analytic hierarchy process, Delphi technique, and
systems analysis to develop a sustainable assessment framework. An SEA management system was built based on geographic information
system software to process spatial, attribute, and satellite image data during the assessment procedure. The proposed methodology
was applied in the SEA of golf course installation policy in 2001 as a case study, which was the first SEA in Taiwan. Most
of the 82 existing golf courses in 2001 were installed on slope lands and caused a serious ecological impact. Assessment results
indicated that 15 future golf courses installed on marginal lands (including buffer zones, remedied lands, and wastelands)
were acceptable because the comprehensive environmental (ecological, social, and economic) assessment value was better based
on environmental characteristics and management regulations of Taiwan. The SEA procedure in the planning phase for this policy
was completed but the implementation phase of this policy was not begun because the related legislation procedure could not
be arranged due to a few senators’ resistance. A self-review of the control phase was carried out in 2006 using this methodology.
Installation permits for 12 courses on slope lands were terminated after 2001 and then 27 future courses could be installed
on marginal lands. The assessment value of this policy using the data on ecological, social, and economic conditions from
2006 was higher than that using the data from 2001. The analytical results illustrate that the proposed methodology can be
used to effectively and efficiently assist the related authorities for SEA. 相似文献
97.
Kirk W. Davies Jonathan D. Bates Dustin D. Johnson Aleta M. Nafus 《Environmental management》2009,44(1):84-92
Mowing is commonly implemented to Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S.L. Welsh (Wyoming big sagebrush) plant communities to improve wildlife habitat, increase forage production
for livestock, and create fuel breaks for fire suppression. However, information detailing the influence of mowing on winter
habitat for wildlife is lacking. This information is crucial because many wildlife species depended on A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis plant communities for winter habitat and consume significant quantities of Artemisia during this time. Furthermore, information is generally limited describing the recovery of A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis to mowing and the impacts of mowing on stand structure. Stand characteristics and Artemisia leaf tissue crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations were measured
in midwinter on 0-, 2-, 4-, and 6-year-old fall-applied mechanical (mowed at 20 cm height) treatments and compared to adjacent
untreated (control) areas. Mowing compared to the control decreased Artemisia cover, density, canopy volume, canopy elliptical area, and height (P < 0.05), but all characteristics were recovering (P < 0.05). Mowing A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis plant communities slightly increases the nutritional quality of Artemisia leaves (P < 0.05), but it simultaneously results in up to 20 years of decrease in Artemisia structural characteristics. Because of the large reduction in A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis for potentially 20 years following mowing, mowing should not be applied in Artemisia facultative and obligate wildlife winter habitat. Considering the decline in A. tridentata spp. wyomingensis-dominated landscapes, we caution against mowing these communities. 相似文献
98.
Tony Gerard Reames 《Local Environment》2016,21(12):1449-1466
Financial barriers are often cited as the principle impediment to the adoption of energy efficiency measures. Since 1976, the US Department of Energy's Weatherisation Assistance Programme (WAP) has provided state block grants for no-cost, low-income energy efficiency retrofits. Yet, millions of low-income American households lack affordable, reliable, and efficient energy access. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 boosted WAP's annual appropriation from $230 million to $5 billion, requiring states to explore innovate approaches to quickly increasing programme participation. Community-based energy programmes have shown success for overcoming various barriers and increasing participation in the adoption of energy technologies. This case study explores a community-based approach to scaling WAP-funded energy efficiency retrofits in a cluster of five urban, low-income, majority African-American neighbourhoods, known as the Green Impact Zone (GIZ), in Kansas City, Missouri. Findings from interviews with GIZ stakeholders suggest that local context is important to how energy efficiency participation barriers manifest. The targeted, community-based approach to WAP created institutional capabilities for increased recognition of participation challenges and facilitated opportunities for alternative solutions that may otherwise have been overlooked under the standard self-referral implementation of WAP. Lastly, effective implementation of WAP required policy workarounds that recognised the unique characteristics and needs of the target community. 相似文献
99.
Criteria for Oil Spill Recovery: A Case Study of the Intertidal Community of Prince William Sound, Alaska, Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marine intertidal organisms in Prince William Sound were exposed to crude oil following the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. The intertidal communities were also subjected to mechanical disturbance during invasive oil spill remediation
and cleanup efforts. Using monitoring data collected from 1989 to 1997, impacts and eventual recovery were assessed at oiled
but uncleaned sites and oiled and cleaned study areas. A statistical model where recovery was defined as parallelism between
the time profiles at control and oiled sites was evaluated. Statistical analysis and graphical presentations of the data suggest
intertidal epibiota communities recovered from the oil spill by 1992 at the oiled sites and by 1994 at the oiled and remediated
sites. Empirical data from the intertidal monitoring program supports the use of tests of parallelism in evaluating recovery
and the need to avoid simply the comparison of sample means from control and oiled sites. 相似文献
100.
At present, coastal disposal of maintenance dredged material constitutes one of the most important problems in coastal zone management and in some coastal areas represents the major anthropogenic disturbance to the benthos. In this review we first propose, based on the classic literature, that macrofaunal communities typical of environmentally stressed habitats are more resilient than those of more environmentally stable habitats, and we outline the macrofaunal successional changes following a disturbance. Second, from a review and analysis of the published and unpublished literature on macrofaunal recovery following maintenance dredged material deposition in the coastal environment, we compare the successional sequences and recovery rates in euhaline and polyhaline systems. The review reveals that invertebrate recovery following dredged material disposal in relatively unstressed marine environments generally takes between 1 and 4 years, while in more naturally stressed areas, recovery is generally achieved within 9 months, although deeper polyhaline habitats can take up to 2 years to recover. Differences in recovery times are attributed to the number of successional stages required to regain the original community composition and that species typical of naturally unstressed assemblages do not possess life-history traits to allow rapid recolonization of disturbances. In the last section of this review, the management implications of these findings are discussed in terms of minimizing dredged material disposal impacts on fisheries resources. Since the natural disturbance regime appears to be very important in determining the response of a benthic community following dredged material disposal, it is recommended that when predicting the potential environmental impact of an operation, the nature of the physical environment in combination with the status (and role) of associated marine benthic communities should be considered. 相似文献