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31.
The dual goals of the Organic Act of 1916 and Wilderness Act of 1964 are to protect natural resources and provide quality
visitor experiences. Park managers need metrics of trail conditions to protect park resources and quality of visitor experiences.
A few methods of sampling design for trails have been developed. Here, we describe a relatively new method, spatially balanced
sampling, and compare it to systematic sampling. We evaluated the efficiency of sampling designs to measure recreation-related
impacts in Rocky Mountain National Park. This study addressed two objectives: first, it compared estimates of trail conditions
from data collected from systematic versus spatially balanced sampling data; second, it examined the relationship between
sampling precision and sampling efficiency. No statistically significant differences in trail condition were found between
the 100-m interval and the spatially balanced datasets. The spatially balanced probability-based dataset was found to be a
good estimate of trail conditions when analyses were conducted with fewer sample points. Moreover, spatially balanced probability-based
sampling is flexible and allows additional sample points to be added to a sample. 相似文献
32.
The paper applies the Contingent Valuation Method using a visitor survey to determine trip values to three rivers in northeastern Puerto Rico. Sample data were obtained from 984 interviews conducted in 13 sites during the summer months. The trip value is statistically decomposed into components representing natural features and recreation activities. The median net economic value of a river visit without waterfalls or foot trails is $96. Recreation at rivers with both waterfalls and foot trails has a median value of $138 per trip. The presence of waterfalls accounts for $23 and foot trails $19 per trip. This information can be pertinent for managers in selecting recreation site locations and protecting them from competing uses. 相似文献
33.
Visitor use surveys and water quality data indicates that high visitor use levels of two rivers in Puerto Rico does not appear
to adversely affect several water quality parameters. Optimum visitor use to maximize visitor defined satisfaction is a more
constraining limit on visitor use than water quality. Our multiple regression analysis suggests that visitor use of about
150 visitors per day yields the highest level of visitor reported satisfaction, a level that does not appear to affect turbidity
of the river. This high level of visitor use may be related to the gregarious nature of Puerto Ricans and their tolerance
for crowding on this densely populated island. The daily peak visitation model indicates that regulating the number of parking
spaces may be the most effective way to keep visitor use within the social carrying capacity. 相似文献
34.
Recreation demand analysis under truncation, overdispersion, and endogenous stratification: an application to Gros Morne National Park 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Using on-site survey data from Gros Morne National Park in Newfoundland, this paper estimates and compares several truncated count data models of recreation demand. The selected model accounts not only for the truncated and overdispersed nature of the data but also for endogenous stratification due to the oversampling of avid users. Moreover, the model that allows for a flexible specification of the overdispersion parameter dominates on the basis of goodness of fit. The results are used to estimate the users' value of access to the park. 相似文献
35.
P. Kutiel 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2001,7(2):183-192
The aims of this study are to review the current situation of the Israeli Mediterranean coastal sand dunes, to examine the
causes for this situation, and to propose options for future conservation and management of the protected dune areas based
on ecological, environmental, landscape and recreational demands and interests. The coastal dunes of Israel are characterized
by diverse plant communities, with 173 plant species occurring on sand (8.2% of the total flora of Israel) including many
endemic species (26% of all endemic species in Israel). Most of the species are annuals. The importance of the coastal strip
as a centre of floral and faunal speciation is also manifested in the existing sand-bound animals. However, many species are
rare. This is mainly due to the extensive industrial and urban development along the coastal plain and the direct and indirect
destruction of the remaining open dune areas by tourism, recreation and sand mining. Only ca. 17% of the Israeli coastal dunes
are still of good or reasonable ecological value, while < 5% of this area has been designated as protected area. Management
policies differ from place to place and depend on local objectives. These objectives derive mainly from the knowledge and
data that exist for each location, and its statutory status. Since 1995 several projects, which aim to develop integrated
management tools for nature conservation and recreation uses for all coastal sand dunes in Israel have been conducted. These
projects are summarized in the present paper. 相似文献
36.
It is difficult to make general recommendations that apply to all ecosystems. There is still a relative dearth of studies
that allow the manager or visitor to come up with specific practices that are the best for their area. The preferred method
of disposal remains to dig a small hole (cat hole) and bury the waste. Other site specific methods are also discussed.
Treatment of drinking water has become standard practice for most backcountry travel. With such treatment, there is little
evidence currently to suggest that the health hazard to humans is great enough to impose further regulation in areas currently
using cat holes. 相似文献
37.
Christopher A. Monz Kevin J. Gutzwiller Vera Helene Hausner Mark W. Brunson Ralf Buckley Catherine M. Pickering 《Ambio》2021,50(3):631
Disturbance to ecosystems in parks and protected areas from nature-based tourism and recreation is increasing in scale and severity, as are the impacts of climate change—but there is limited research examining the degree to which these anthropogenic disturbances interact. In this perspective paper, we draw on the available literature to expose complex recreation and climate interactions that may alter ecosystems of high conservation value such that important species and processes no longer persist. Our emphasis is on ecosystems in high demand for tourism and recreation that also are increasingly experiencing stress from climate change. We discuss the importance of developing predictive models of direct and indirect effects, including threshold and legacy effects at different levels of biological organization. We present a conceptual model of these interactions to initiate a dialog among researchers and managers so that new research approaches and managerial frameworks are advanced to address this emerging issue. 相似文献
38.
The National Park Service, like other natural resource management agencies, has adopted the traditional model of public administration,
which emphasizes efficiency, effectiveness, economy, and dichotomy between politics and administration. This approach is particularly
ineffective in greenline parks and increasingly inappropriate in traditional areas. In an era of ecological interdependence,
relationships with other agencies and jurisdictions and with adjacent as well as noncontiguous landowners are as important
as controlling visitors. Recreation managers need to develop more skill in negotiation, cooperation, coordination, and interpersonal
communication if they are to preserve and protect park resources. 相似文献
39.
40.
This paper concludes the publication of theJournal of Coastal Conservation from 1995–2004 after the European Coastal Union and the Publishers decided to terminate the production of the journal. We
look back at the 206 research papers published in this period while concentrating on Geographical and ecological variation,
Focuses and trends, and Progress in European coastal conservation and management.
Three indices are added: (1) a list of the 206 papers; (2) an Author Index; and (3) a Subject Index based on the titles, keywords
and some additional important subjects found in the tables and figures. 相似文献