我国建筑垃圾再生资源化分析

首先根据我国目前能源和环境两大难题,说明建筑垃圾再生资源化的重要性和迫切性.进而分析了建筑垃圾特性和分类,对国内外建筑垃圾的资源化再生利用现状进行了研究,对建筑垃圾再生资源化提出新的建议.     

长期地上凋落物处理和氮添加对油松-辽东栎混交林表层土壤碳氮组分的影响

气候变化引起的土壤碳源和氮源输入变化对森林生态系统碳、氮动态有潜在的重要影响.了解不同团聚体和化学成分的碳、氮组分对碳源和氮源输入的响应,对进一步揭示和预测未来气候变化下土壤碳、氮的响应特征具有重要意义.为了探究土壤不同碳、氮组分及其计量比对土壤碳源和氮源输入变化的响应特征,本研究基于在温带油松-辽东栎混交林样地建立的长期（8年）地上凋落物处理和氮添加实验,测定和分析了土壤不同团聚体碳、氮组分、可溶性碳、氮组分和微生物生物量碳、氮等指标.结果表明：长期叶凋落物加倍和混合凋落物加倍（含枝、叶和球果）均显著增加了土壤总有机碳、全氮、可溶性碳、活性碳及大团聚体（250~2000 μm）和微团聚体（53~250 μm）碳、氮组分的含量;氮添加显著增加了土壤总有机碳、全氮、可溶性氮及活性碳组分的相对和绝对含量;但土壤黏粉粒（2~53 μm和<2 μm）碳、氮组分、微生物生物量碳、氮及各碳、氮组分比值在不同处理之间均无显著性差异;地上叶凋落物加倍和混合凋落物加倍处理显著增强了土壤团聚体的稳定性并降低了土壤可溶性有机质的芳香性.这些结果表明,高质量和数量凋落物的输入及氮添加量的增加显著促进了土壤不同碳、氮组分的含量,但并没有显著改变各碳、氮组分的比值.     

纸品中"100%原生木浆"标记对消费者决策影响的调查与分析

目前我国纸张的用量越来越大,因而探讨纸的再生利用就显得尤为重要。采取了随机调查的方法,主要考察了纸品上标明的“100%原生木浆”给消费者决策带来的影响。调查发现:普通消费者比较关注纸的质量和舒适度,而对于对环境的影响并不很了解,大部分人在一定条件下愿意选择更加有利于环境的产品。因此应该加强宣传,使普通消费者更加了解再生产品,增强环境保护意识,从而能够做出更加合理的和对环境更加有利的选择。     

天津污灌区菜地土壤团聚体中有机碳和重金属含量特征

以天津某污灌菜地土壤为研究对象,分析干筛法所得不同粒径土壤团聚体颗粒中有机碳及重金属含量特征.结果表明,土壤团聚体粗大颗粒(2 mm)含量最大,约为70%.0.25～0.5 mm粒级团聚体中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量最高,Cr含量在5～8 mm粒径团聚体中最高,As在不同颗粒中含量差异较小,不同重金属元素含量随土层深度增加而减小.污灌土壤中重金属富集因子表现为Cd Pb Zn Cu Cr As,在0.25～0.5 mm粒级团聚体颗粒中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb分布因子最高,而5～8 mm粒径团聚体中重金属负载因子最大.土壤有机碳含量整体上随团聚体粒径增加表现为先增加后降低,不同粒径团聚体中Cu、Cd、Pb和As含量与有机碳含量呈显著正相关(p0.05).     

Understanding behaviour to inform water supply management in developed nations – A review of literature, conceptual model and research agenda

Water is a scarce resource in many parts of the developed world. Two solutions are possible to address water scarcity: conservation of existing resources, or the further production of water from new sources e.g. through recycling of wastewater or desalination of seawater. However, the main hurdle to implementation of many of these solutions is often viewed as a lack of public willingness to adopt these alternative water behaviours. Research in this area is therefore crucial. Yet, and possibly due to the interdisciplinary nature of such research, there is currently no comprehensive overview of what has been done before. This study fills this gap by (1) choosing a general consumer behaviour perspective as a starting point, (2) developing a conceptual model of research required in the area of water-related public acceptance studies, (3) identifying eight key water-related behaviours which require future research attention, and (4) reviewing which areas of the conceptual model have been investigated in the past by conducting an extensive literature review of water-related social science research.The review established that the majority of work which has been conducted is located at the cross-roads of personal characteristics and behavioural intentions. Significant gaps exist in relation to researching the adoption of a wide range of demand-side water behaviours. This indicates a dominance of supply-side solutions in social-research exploration. The review identifies a number of research needs including: the exploration of actual adoption of water-related behaviours (rather than behavioural intentions); and to widen the scope of water behaviour enquiry to include more demand-side solutions. Given the increasing scarcity of water in many areas of the world, addressing these identified gaps will be of significant importance. Thus our model informs the social-research agenda for water policy.     

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization：Property of aggregates

Struvite crystallization is a promising method to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater to ease both the scarcity of phosphorus rock resources and water eutrophication worldwide. To date, although various kinds of reactor systems have been developed, supporting methods are required to control the struvite fines flushing out of the reactors. As an intrinsic property, aggregation is normally disregarded in the struvite crystallization process, although it is the key factor in final particle size and therefore guarantees phosphorus recovery efficiency. The present study developed a method to analyze the characteristics of struvite aggregates using fractal geometry, and the influence of operational parameters on struvite aggregation was evaluated. Due to its typical orthorhombic molecular structure, struvite particles are prone to crystallize into needle or rod shapes, and aggregate at the corners or edges of crystals. The determined fractal dimension(Dpf) of struvite aggregates was 1.52–1.31, with the corresponding range of equivalent diameter(d0.5) at 295.9–85.4 μm. Aggregates formed in relatively low phosphorus concentrations(3.0–5.0 mmol/L) and mildly alkaline conditions(pH 9.0–9.5) displayed relatively compact structures, large aggregate sizes and high aggregation strength. Increasing pH values led to continuous decrease of aggregate sizes, while the variation of Dpfwas insignificant. As to the aggregate evolution, fast growth in a short time followed by a long steady stage was observed.     

Decisions on recycling: Construction stakeholders’ decisions regarding recycled mineral construction materials

Construction and demolition (C&D) waste, being already the largest waste fraction in industrialized countries, is expected to increase in the future. C&D waste recycling has been considered to be a valuable option not only for minimizing C&D waste streams to landfills but also for mitigating primary mineral resource depletion. Even though the use of recycled mineral construction materials (RMCM) is regulated and successful application examples are available, construction stakeholders do not yet broadly apply them. Although various criteria hindering a transition towards a broader application of RMCM have been identified, it is yet unknown how these criteria differ among decisions, stakeholders and applications. We therefore analyze construction stakeholders’ behavior, and decision-making regarding RMCM for the construction material market in Switzerland. Stakeholders’ decision-making was quantified with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in a survey in combination with their behavior. The results demonstrate the importance of stakeholder interaction, i.e. most stakeholders decide which material to apply based on interaction with other stakeholders e.g., recommendations and specifications. However, the initial general specification by awarding authorities that construction should be sustainable has little relevance to the subsequent material decisions. On the contrary the role of the recommendation of engineers, have a high impact on the subsequent decisions by the other stakeholders. Results also confirm that RMCM are broadly accepted in civil engineering (CE), whereas in structural engineering (SE) RMCM are still a niche product. The good alignment of the outcome of decision modeling with observed behavior shows the usefulness of analyzing decision-making with AHP.     

耕作方式对紫色水稻土团聚体中有机质及重金属的分布特征影响

通过长期定位试验,研究了常规平作(FPF)和水旱轮作(PR)这2种耕作方式下紫色水稻土不同粒径(1~2、0.25~1、0.05~0.25、0.05 mm)团聚体中有机质和重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Fe和Mn)的含量和分布特征,探讨了不同粒径团聚体中重金属与有机质的关系.结果表明,两种耕作方式下团聚体粒径组成均以0.05~0.25 mm和0.05 mm为主,土壤和各粒径团聚体中有机质含量均为常规平作高于水旱轮作,且随粒径的减小而降低.耕作方式对土壤重金属含量的影响不显著,但相比于PR,FPF有助于团聚体、有机质和重金属在1~2 mm和0.25~1 mm大粒径团聚体中聚集,降低其在0.05 mm和0.05~0.25 mm粒径团聚体中的分布.相关分析表明,土壤团聚体中重金属含量与有机质的含量呈负相关,它们的总量却呈正相关关系.同一耕作方式下,重金属对有机质变化的敏感程度为MnZnPbCuFeCd,而同一重金属元素对有机质变化的反应则为PR较FPF更敏感.     

建筑垃圾再生骨料生产工艺及应用研究

采用进口移动式破碎-磁选-筛分设备,将混凝土类建筑垃圾加工成再生骨料,并掺入制备混凝土、干混砂浆、道路无机混合料。检测结果表明,再生制品性能可满足使用要求,再生骨料替代天然骨料比例可达到50%以上。     

中国重点城市大气污染与健康风险的时空分布特征

基于中国168个大气污染防治重点城市2015～2020年的5种污染物浓度监测数据,利用MAKESENS模型和综合风险指数(ARI),定量分析全国与6大城市群的大气污染总健康风险的时空分布特征.结果表明：(1)中国重点城市PM_2.5污染最严重,仅15%的城市PM_2.5浓度6 a均值达到了国家二级标准,NO₂次之,77%的城市NO₂浓度6 a均值达到了国家二级标准,京津冀和汾渭平原城市群空气污染最严重,PM_2.5、 SO₂、 CO和NO₂浓度6 a均值高于其他城市群;(2)中国重点城市PM_2.5、 SO₂、 CO和NO₂浓度呈下降趋势,除成渝城市群外,其余地区O₃浓度呈上升趋势;京津冀和汾渭平原城市群SO₂浓度下降最显著;(3)中国重点城市大气污染健康风险总体呈下降趋势,2017～2018年出现急剧下降,暴露在极高风险下的人口从1...