氮氧化物减排博弈行为研究

针对我国氮氧化物减排的严峻形势,文章借鉴瑞典氮氧化物减排的税收返还制度,运用进化博弈的理论和方法,建立了政府与企业关于氮氧化物减排的进化博弈模型,并进行了求解分析。结果表明:策略(减排,税收返还制度)和策略(减排,标准减排制度)都可以是稳定均衡策略,即无论政府采取税收返还制度还是标准减排制度,只要对惩罚系数、税率等参数进行调整都能迫使企业进行氮氧化物减排。但通过模拟可知税收返还制度对企业的激励作用更大,可以促使企业长期持续的进行氮氧化物减排。     

Photocatalytic Production of Methane and Hydrogen Through Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Water Using Titania Pellets

This paper presents an experimental study on employing a pellet form of catalyst in photo-reduction of carbon dioxide with water. Water was first absorbed into titania pellets. Highly purified carbon dioxide gas was then discharged into a reactor containing the wet pellets, which were then illuminated continuously for 65 hours using UVC lamps. Analysing the products accumulated in the reactor confirmed that methane and hydrogen were produced through photo-reduction of carbon dioxide with water. No other hydrocarbons were detected. Increasing the temperature in the reactor has showed little change on the amount of methane produced.     

“限塑令”政策有效性评估的实例分析

通过对上海市杨浦区3个居民小区"限塑令"实施前后塑料袋消费情况的调研.发现"限塑令"在一定程度上起到了塑料袋减量化的作用,但效果并不明显.其瓶颈在于我国当前对商品流通领域的控制能力非常薄弱,对非正规零售商约束力度不够、监管缺位,导致他们无视"限塑令"的规定,继续提供免费塑料袋,从而严重架空了"限塑令"的减量化效果.文章中提出了通过加强监管和处罚力度、培育社会参与机制,以及加大公众宣传活动等措施,消除"限塑令"的政策死角,以真正实现塑料购物袋消费减量化的目标.     

自来水厂与净化厂泥水联合处理的研究

通过对自来水厂、净化厂及两厂混合后的泥水的研究,来分析两厂泥水的匹配性。实验表明：自来水厂泥水排入净化厂与其泥水一起处理,能够促进净化厂泥水的浓缩,降低浓缩后污泥的比阻,而且在一定范围内能够降低污泥的最终体积,达到减量化的目的。     

辽宁省电力行业CO2减排措施的研究

通过采用调查与统计年鉴数据相结合的方法,计算出辽宁省电力行业CO2排放量,结果表明,辽宁省电力行业的CO2排放量为1．52亿t,占辽宁省CO2总排放量的43．80％。其中,大连电力行业的CO2排放量居辽宁省电力行业第1位,铁岭、抚顺和葫芦岛分别排在2、3、4位。并提出削减辽宁省电力行业CO2排放量的措施     

沈抚灌渠(抚顺段)水环境状况及污染减排对策研究

基于沈抚灌渠(抚顺段)高污染、高排放的特点,设计了一套生态环保型污染减排对策,在沈抚灌渠东部起点处建设东洲再生水厂及传输污水管线工程;在中西部建海城污水处理厂及污水截流工程;在西部的抚顺开发区段采用生态修复技术对出市前的污水进行综合整治和处理,采取治污、清淤、引水和两岸景观建设四项措施,使沈抚灌渠水质达到地表水Ⅳ标准.     

Novel synthetic approaches and TWC catalytic performance of flower-like Pt/CeO2

A novel Ultrasonic Assisted Membrane Reduction （UAMR）-hydrothermal method was used to prepare flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts. The texture, physical/chemical properties, and reducibility of the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, Transmission Electron Microscope （TEM）, N2 adsorption, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction （HE-TPR） techniques. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for treating automobile emission was studied relative to samples prepared by the conventional wetness impregnation method. The Pt/CeO2 catalysts fabricated by this novel method showed high specific surface area and metal dispersion, excellent three-way catalytic activity, and good thermal stability. The strong interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and CeO2 improved the thermal stability. The Ce4＋ ions were incorporated into the surfactant chains and the Pt nanoparticles were stabilized through an exchange reaction of the surface hydroxyl groups. The SEM results demonstrated that the Pt/CeO2 catalysts had a typical three-dimensional （3D） hierarchical porous struc- ture, which was favorable for surface reaction and enhanced the exposure degree of the Pt nanoparticles. In brief, the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts prepared by UAMR-hydrothermal method exhibited a higher Pt metal dispersion, smaller particle size, better three-way catalytic activity, and improved thermal stability versus conven- tional materials.     

长江经济带碳排放现状及未来碳减排

长江经济带是我国"三大支撑带"之一,其碳减排目标实现对我国生态文明建设具有重要意义。采用2005~2013年长江经济带(含9省2市)的能源消耗与经济社会数据,通过数理统计,得出各地历年碳排放量、人均碳排放、能源强度、产业结构多元水平的具体数值及变化率,结合运用弹性计算和矩阵分类法,发现长江经济带碳排放存在空间与结构差异。研究结果显示:(1)长江经济带碳排放及增长率、人均碳排放及增长率、能源强度都高于全国平均水平,能源强度下降率低于全国平均水平;把长江经济带分为东中西三段区域,碳排放总量、人均碳排放及能源强度下降率梯度下降,碳排放增长率、人均碳排放增长率、能源强度梯度上升。(2)工业化开始越早、重工业化主导向生产性服务业主导转变越快、越充分地区,经济低碳化水平越高;通过提升产业结构多元化速度有利于碳减排。(3)长江经济带各地实现碳减排措施应有不同,东段地区应着重降低人均碳排放,中西段地区应着重于降低能源强度。(4)未来碳减排应兼顾公平与效率,各地区碳减排目标分配应结合各地支付能力、碳汇能力、生产效率、能源结构等因素来安排。     

竺山湾流域河湖系统污染物总量控制研究

复杂河湖系统的总量控制需考虑河湖双重控制目标,以太湖西北部竺山湾流域为研究对象,运用排污系数法计算了区域内的入河污染负荷;构建了一维河网和二维湖体水环境数学模型,对水环境数学模型进行了率定;基于多重目标的河网水环境容量计算方法,计算了河网水环境容量,并分配至各控制单元;定量分析了各控制单元各污染物总量达标情况下的削减量及削减率。结果表明:竺山湾流域COD削减量为834.4 t,削减率为13.8%;氨氮削减量为226.1 t,削减率为36.5%;总氮削减量为724.8 t,削减率为55.2%;总磷削减量为108.9 t,削减率为73.4%。论文成果对于开展竺山湾流域污染物总量控制和水环境保护具有重要指导意义,同时为类似的河湖系统水污染物总量控制提供借鉴。     

SNCR烟气脱硝技术在循环流化床锅炉中的应用

详细介绍了选择性非催化还原( SNCR)烟气脱硝技术的原理、工艺流程及影响因素。简要分析了SNCR技术在循环流化床锅炉( CFB)中的应用优势,结合SNCR在美源热电厂的应用改造工程案例,验证了SNCR技术在CFB上的脱硝性能。