“十五”规划期上海城市生态环境建设的战略重点与对策

评价了上海市的生态环境现状和制约因素,从人口结构优化,城乡融合规划,清洁生产与ISO1400认证,绿地生态建设,环境,环境教育与组织建设等方面研究了“十五”规划期间上海城市生态环境建设的战略重点与对策。     

陕南2000年“7·13”山地灾害成因分析及防御对策

论述了陕南地区中南端紫阳、镇巴两县 2 0 0 0年 7月 11～ 14暴雨降水特征 ,分析了 7月12～ 13日造成 2 36人死亡、 392人受伤、 7.95亿元人民币直接损失特大山地灾害的成因 ,并提出了该区今后防御与减少山地灾害的对策。     

Ontology-based computer aid for the automation of HAZOP studies

Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) studies are conducted to identify and assess potential hazards which originate from processes, equipment, and process plants. These studies are human-centered processes that are time and labor-intensive. Also, extensive expertise and experience in the field of process safety engineering are required. There have been several attempts by different research groups to (semi-)automate HAZOP studies in the past. Within this research, a knowledge-based framework for the automatic generation of HAZOP worksheets was developed. Compared to other approaches, the focus is on representing semantic relationships between HAZOP relevant concepts under consideration of the degree of abstraction. In the course of this, expert knowledge from the process and plant safety (PPS) domain is embedded within the ontological model. Based on that, a reasoning algorithm based on semantic reasoners is developed to identify hazards and operability issues in a HAZOP similar manner. An advantage of the proposed method is that by modeling causal relationships between HAZOP concepts, automatically generated but meaningless scenarios can be avoided. The results of the enhanced causation model are high quality extended HAZOP worksheets. The developed methodology is applied within a case study that involves a hexane storage tank. The quality and quantity of the automatically generated results agree with the original worksheets. Thus the ontology-based reasoning algorithm is well-suited to identify hazardous scenarios and operability issues. Node-based analyses involving multiple process units can also be carried out by a slight adjustment of the method. The presented method can help to support HAZOP study participants and non-experts in conducting HAZOP studies.     

基于模拟疏散的连体型宿舍楼预先分区引导疏散策略研究

为研究人员密集的连体型宿舍楼安全疏散问题,通过调查提出预先引导疏散的人员接受度原则,制定3种预先引导疏散策略,采用Pathfinder软件模拟某高校连体型宿舍楼的安全疏散情况,得出不采取预先引导疏散策略和采取不同预先引导疏散策略时,模拟疏散结果存在的差异。结果表明:人员可接受的预先引导疏散路径为最近距离路径或无视线阻碍的第2近距离路径;在不进行预先引导疏散时,疏散过程中各楼梯和出口的利用率差异较大;在进行预先引导疏散时,得出采用按楼梯宽度比例分区划分人数策略可有效提高建筑物的疏散效率。     

1种机器人工作区域协同搜索避障巡检策略

为解决工作区域搜索待操作目标的不确定性以及单一策略无法解决障碍物区域多搜索目标遍历与避障的问题,提出1种随机与固定搜索相结合的协同巡检策略。该策略在重点监测点通过引入非线性收敛因子及动态权重策略的改进灰狼优化算法遍历多任务点进行固定路线搜索;在非重点监测区域为差速转向移动机器人赋予三视野扫描线,并运用其灵活转动的特点进行随机路线搜索;通过交互式人工标记的方法定位搜索目标点并对其进行标记,运用改进灰狼优化算法对标记出的多目标点进行遍历顺序规划及D*算法避障到达;通过5个国际通用工程函数仿真测试改进的灰狼优化算法。结果表明:改进的灰狼优化算法能加快收敛速度,增强模型的求解精度,加强算法的稳定性,同时验证随机与固定相结合的区域协同搜索避障巡检策略的有效性。     

环境信息化建设战略管理体系框架研究

针对环境信息化建设的需要,从环境信息化目标体系、政策体系、组织体系、标准规范体系、信息基础设施体系、信息获取体系、信息资源体系、信息系统体系和评估监督体系等几个方面,提出环境信息化建设管理体系框架,用于指导环境信息化建设.     

沈阳市区域噪声现状分析与管理措施探讨

统计了2001至2005年沈阳市区域噪声、功能区噪声、噪声源单位状况,找出目前沈阳市噪声污染最严重的噪声来源。针对噪声管理存在的问题提出更加合理的噪声管理办法。     

二噁英类减排的国际动向和我国的战略构想

二噁英类减排是履行<关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约>的重点和难点.本文在分析日本、美国、欧盟等发达国家在二噁英类减排控制方面成功经验的基础上,结合国际上的最新动向和我国二噁英类问题的实际特点,提出了解决我国二噁英类问题的初步战略构想.     

Environmental performance indicators: an empirical study of Canadian manufacturing firms

The aim of this exploratory study is to examine the importance of measurement and use of environmental performance indicators (EPIs) within manufacturing firms. Two research questions are investigated: (i) To what extent are firm characteristics associated with the importance of measurement of various categories of EPIs? (ii) To what extent are firm characteristics associated with global and specific uses of EPIs? More specifically, this paper examines four uses of EPIs (i.e. to monitor compliance, to motivate continuous improvement, to support decision making, and to provide data for external reporting) as well as four characteristics of firms, namely environmental strategy, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 compliance, size, and ownership. This study contributes to the environmental management accounting literature by collecting and analyzing empirical evidence that provides a better understanding of the associations among firm characteristics and EPIs.