长江水质的区域差异与产业发展的关系

长江水质状况受到河流自然属性和流经区域产业特点的综合影响，区域差异十分明显；长江入江污水量的时空分布与沿江各省市产业发展水平及年际变化有密切关系；长江流域经济发展应与保护水质相协调，为控制污染，必须实施一整套相关对策。     

南充市酸雨的时空分布及其形成机制的初步探讨

以四川南充市为研究对象,笔者于2003-2004年连续两年对降水进行采样分析,共获取降雨数据520个,对该市酸雨的变化趋势进行了分析和讨论,并采用统计学上的主成分分析法确定该市近几年来降水化学成分中主要污染物.通过对降水中化学离子物的分析,阐明了该市酸雨的主要成因;从大气相对湿度及其颗粒物与降水pH值、[SO42-]等的对照关系对该区域的酸雨形成机制问题进行了初步探讨.     

A review of recent substance flow analyses of phosphorus to identify priority management areas at different geographical scales

The dwindling global reserves of extractable phosphorus (P) and its growing demand to produce the required food for a burgeoning global population (the global P crisis) necessitate the sustainable use of this crucial resource. To advert the crisis requires informed policy decisions which can only be obtained by a better understanding of the nature and magnitude of P flow through different systems at different geographical scales. Through a systematic and in-depth review of twenty one recent substance flow analyses of P, we have assessed the key P inflows, outflows, stocks, internal flows, and recycling flows at the city, regional, and country scales. The assessment has revealed, the main inflow and outflow of P at the city scale occurs through food and wastewater respectively, while the main stock of P occurs in landfill. At the regional scale, mineral ore is the main P inflow and chemical P fertilizer is the main outflow particularly in the regions that have P fertilizer production sector. In contrast, either chemical P fertilizer or animal feed is the key inflow and either food and agricultural products or soil losses (erosion, runoff, and/or leaching) is the major outflow especially in the regions without P fertilizer production sector. At the country scale, the key P inflow occurs either through mineral ore or chemical P fertilizer and the key outflow takes place either as food and agricultural products, waste (both solid and liquid), or soil losses (erosion, runoff, and/or leaching). The main stock of P both at the regional and country scales occurs in the soil of the agricultural production sector. As identified in this assessment, the key unproductive outflows and stocks at different geographical scales indicate that there is a potential scope to improve P management through the increased P recovery and recycling, and by the utilization of available soil P stocks. In many of the studies at all the geographical scales, P recycling flow has been found to be less than 20% of the total inflow, and even in some studies at the country scale, P recycling has been found to be entirely absent, which is a clear indication of poor P management. This study has also identified, there is a clear knowledge gap in relation to understanding the P flow over multiple years at the regional scale. The information about the key flows and stocks at different geographical scales as we identified can be utilized to make better P policy and management decisions for a city, region, or country. The information can also be used to guide future research that aims to analyze P flow at the city, regional, and country scales.