A cost analysis technique for research management and design

A classic research approach is to optimize experimental design and available resources. However, that approach does not guarantee that results will be useful. This article takes the view that research should not be undertaken unless there is assurance that final results will be significant to a level specified before any work is begun. Given that assurance, the relationship between cost and statistical significance is explored, a new approach to optimization s developed, and the use of models in research design is considered.     

中小企业融资现状及对策探讨

融资困难始终是困扰中小企业发展的难题.从中小企业融资途径入手,系统地分析了中小企业融的问题,进而从企业方面、金融机构方面和政府三个角度提出相关的措施.     

PROFILE: Indigenous Institutions and Environmental Assessment: The Case of Ghana

/ The search for sustainable development provides the impetus forexamining the role of indigenous institutions and their ecological knowledgein environmental assessment and local sustainability. This paper attempts totrace the evolution of environmental assessment in Ghana. Focusing on theAshanti Region, the paper further discusses the nature and operations ofindigenous institutions, their ecological knowledge, beliefs, practices, andsocial norms that are relevant to environmental assessment process in thecountry. Some of the challenges that emerge from the discussions arehighlighted. There is a need to establish environmental assessment andcooperative management boards that would include representatives ofindigenous institutions. In addition, the introduction of technicaldictionaries and training manuals based on indigenous ecological knowledgeand their humane environmental practices will further improve theenvironmental assessment process in Ghana.KEY WORDS: Environmental assessment; Indigenous institutions; Indigenousecological knowledge; Sustainable development; Environmental assessmentboards     

Indigenous responses to drought in sub-Saharan Africa*

Drought is a frequent occurrence in contemporary sub-Saharan Africa, and the existence of periodic drought can be documented over hundreds of years. As a consequence of the routine rainfall shortages that affect them, agricultural and pastoral societies have developed a number of social institutions and mechanisms for bridging temporary food production shortfalls caused by drought. Drawing on the literature and field data from southeastern Kenya, this paper discusses a number of regular indigenous responses to short-term drought in sub-Saharan Africa. Changes in these patterns in the present day are also discussed. It is concluded that market-based responses are now the most important strategies, but that traditional institutions remain significant and contribute to the viability of drought-affected societies.     

基础研究与林火实践

通过介绍森林火灾的双重性分析森林火灾的几个典型现象,探讨了如何对森林火灾进行基础研究和模拟实验。并从着火过程,林火行为,阻炎林带的阻火机理三个方面论述了基础与林火初中之间的关系。     

粉煤灰电石渣用作金属废渣和酸性铬污泥的稳定/固化剂的试验研究

粉煤灰、电石渣与水泥存在着某些相似的理化性质 ,研究它们对金属废物和酸性铬污泥的稳定 /固化作用 ,实现以废治废将具有重要意义。本文通过试验研究证实了粉煤灰和电石渣对金属废渣有良好的稳定 /固化作用 ;对酸性铬污泥 ,电石渣有很好的稳定 /固化作用 ,二者完全可以替代水泥用作金属废渣和酸性铬污泥的固化剂。     

充分利用"外脑"资源促进高等职业教育的改革与发展

面对诸多机遇和挑战,高等职业教育院校的竞争将愈加激烈;高等职业教育院校的主办者和管理者也将面临越来越严峻的考验.因此,若想跟上时代的步伐,适应社会的需求,仅靠自身的力量是远远不够的.联系我校发展实际,我们体会到,充分利用"外脑"资源可以促进信息交流与观念更新;促进产学研合作;促进学习型组织的形成;促进内部沟通状况的改善;促进客观公正地诊断与处理问题;促进管理决策的科学化和有效性.     

Desertification,and climate change: the case for greater convergence

Poor knowledge of links between desertification and globalclimate change is limiting funding from the Global Environment Facility foranti-desertification projects and realization of synergies between theConvention to Combat Desertification (CCD) and the FrameworkConvention on Climate Change (FCCC). Greater convergence betweenresearch in the two fields could overcome these limitations, improve ourknowledge of desertification, and benefit four areas of global climate changestudies: mitigation assessment; accounting for land cover change in thecarbon budget; land surface-atmosphere interactions; and climate changeimpact forecasting. Convergence would be assisted if desertification weretreated more as a special case in dry areas of the global process of landdegradation, and stimulated by: (a) closer cooperation between the FCCCand CCD; (b) better informal networking between desertification and globalclimate change scientists, e.g. within the framework of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Both strategies wouldbe facilitated if the FCCC and CCD requested the IPCC to provide ascientific framework for realizing the synergies between them.     

高等院校教育技术的发展思路探讨

本文阐述了高等院校教育技术的发展现状，分析了高等院校教育技术发展的特点，对高等院校教育技术的发展进行理性思考。认为高等院校应该在重视教育技术实践性和支持性研究的基础上，立足现实，更全面审视机构整合、教育信息化、信息资源库建设和教师培训这些热点问题。     

循环经济激励机制建立研究初探

循环经济是世界社会经济发展的必然要求,在我国更是具有特殊的地位和内涵,开展循环经济的研究,特别是有关循环经济激励机制的研究尤为迫切。循环经济激励机制建立对我国当前循环经济发展十分必要,建议从宏观规划、经济、产业、技术、思想、宣传、法律法规和政绩考核等8个方面实施一系列激励政策措施来促进循环经济的快速发展。