美国应急管理专业研究生培养体系借鉴*

为满足应急体制建设进入新的发展阶段后我国对应急管理高级人才的迫切需求,加快培养高素质应急管理实践与应用型人才。以美国15所开设应急管理专业的高校的硕士（文理）、博士（文理）为样本,对美国应急教育现状和培养方案进行全面梳理,包括教育目标、课程设置、人才储备等。研究结果表明:美国应急管理专业研究生教育系统性强,注重应用性与专业性。对比我国应急管理学科现状,提出将研究生培养成为兼具跨学科背景、经过充分实践训练的高素质人才的建议。研究结果可为我国应急管理专业研究生培养提供科学参考。     

三十年来的中国泥石流研究

本文通过对我国泥石流研究成果的总结，结合作者们工作的心得体会，就我国３０年来的泥石流研究工作进行回顾与展望；并针对国情和灾情，提出了相应的意见和建议。     

Anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor for starch wastewater treatment and modeling using multilayer perceptron neural network

Anaerobic treatability of synthetic sago wastewater was investigated in a laboratory anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor(ATFBR) with a mesoporous granular activated carbon(GAC)as a support material.The experimental protocol was defined to examine the effect of the maximum organic loading rate(OLR),hydraulic retention time(HRT),the efficiency of the reactor and to report on its steady- state performance.The reactor was subjected to a steady-state operation over a range of OLR up to 85.44 kg COD/(m~3.d).The COD removal efficiency was found to be 92% in the reactor while the biogas produced in the digester reached 25.38 m~3/(m~3·d) of the reactor. With the increase of OLR from 83.7 kg COD/(m~3.d),the COD removal efficiency decreased.Also an artificial neural network(ANN) model using multilayer perceptron(MLP)has been developed for a system of two input variable and five output dependent variables. For the training of the input-output data,the experimental values obtained have been used.The output parameters predicted have been found to be much closer to the corresponding experimental ones and the model was validated for 30% of the untrained data.The mean square error(MSE)was found to be only 0.0146.     

Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design

The numerous formulated products which are introduced to the market consist of chemical ingredients that may cause various safety and health hazards to the consumers. Therefore, it is extremely important to practice a systematic methodology to formulate products with acceptable safety and health performances. This work presents an index-based methodology to assess the safety and health hazards of the ingredients during the early formulation stage of product design. Hence, new inherent safety and health sub-indexes are introduced to improve the current safety and health hazards that are needed in formulated product design. The inherent safety and health sub-indexes are assigned with scores based on the degree of potential hazards. A higher score indicates a higher safety risk or severe health effect, and vice versa. The proposed methodology will greatly assist the users to identify the adverse safety and health effects caused by the ingredients. Hence, it is pivotal to eliminate or reduce the safety and health impacts from product usage. A case study on common ingredients used in the formulation of paint is presented on this study to describe the proposed method.     

论煤矿安全长效机制中经济杠杆的作用

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的进一步完善和国民经济的持续高速发展,安全生产也面临着新的挑战。在以煤炭生产为代表的高风险行业中建立“长久”而又“有效”的安全生产机制,必须坚持科学发展观,严格遵循经济规律,充分发挥经济杠杆作用。笔者结合我国煤矿安全生产的实际状况,从加强煤矿企业资本管理制度、实行煤炭资源有偿使用制度、建立税收优惠政策、强化煤矿安全保险制度、提高职工伤亡抚恤标准、推行煤矿负责人安全风险抵押金制度和实施煤炭行业人才培养体系改革等方面,提出了煤矿安全生产长效机制建设的新举措。     

US army land condition-trend analysis (LCTA) program

The US Army Land Condition-Trend Analysis (LCTA) program is a standardized method of data collection, analysis, and reporting designed to meet multiple goals and objectives. The method utilizes vascular plant inventories, permanent field plot data, and wildlife inventories. Vascular plant inventories are used for environmental documentation, training of personnel, species identification during LCTA implementation, and as a survey for state and federal endangered or threatened species. The permanent field plot data documents the vegetational, edaphic, topographic, and disturbance characteristics of the installation. Inventory plots are allocated in a stratified random fashion across the installation utilizing a geographic information system that integrates satellite imagery and soil survey information. Ground cover, canopy cover, woody plant density, slope length, slope gradient, soil information, and disturbance data are collected at each plot. Plot data are used to: (1) describe plant communities, (2) characterize wildlife and threatened and endangered species habitat, (3) document amount and kind of military and nonmilitary disturbance, (4) determine the impact of military training on vegetation and soil resources, (5) estimate soil erosion potential, (6) classify land as to the kind and amount of use it can support, (7) determine allowable use estimates for tracked vehicle training, (8) document concealment resources, (9) identify lands that require restoration and evaluate the effectiveness of restorative techniques, and (10) evaluate potential acquisition property. Wildlife inventories survey small and midsize mammals, birds, bats, amphibians, and reptiles. Data from these surveys can be used for environmental documentation, to identify state and federal endangered and threatened species, and to evaluate the impact of military activities on wildlife populations. Short- and long-term monitoring of permanent field plots is used to evaluate and adjust land management decisions.     

膜分离技术在油气回收中的应用

在油品储运、销售、应用过程中，存在着大量的油品蒸发损耗。可用膜分离技术来分离回收轻质油品蒸发排放出来的油气。介绍膜法油气回收的分离机理、应用实例和工艺设计数据，综合比较常用的吸收法、吸附法、冷凝法及膜法油气回收技术并获得各自的量化分值，认为膜法回收技术为目前较有可能及较容易取得突破成果的研究领域。最后指出今后的研究重点。     

一种新型静电油烟净化器的研制与应用

应用高压静电原理，采用多电场模块组合技术，将烹饪过程中产生的油烟、热裂解尘雾、燃料烟尘在静电和电场的作用下电荷、吸附及氧化，达到净化油烟、除去烟尘、除去异味的作用，电场内所产生的臭氧还能杀菌，去除异味和有害气体。利用高压静电研制的油烟净化器比湿式油烟净化器、过滤式的油烟净化器有更大的优越性和应用前景。     

油污治理体系的合格标准

以油污治理机构的培训计划为基础，提出其人员资格标准，供有关部门参考。     

本科应用型人才培养目标及培养规格的创新研究

本文分析了我国高等教育的类型及其特点,从适应社会需要、工程应用、理论与实践相结合、应用能力培养、服务面向等五个方面论述了本科应用型人才培养的特征,对应用型人才的培养目标定位进行了探索,从知识、能力、素质等三个方面研究了应用型人才的培养规格.