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391.
392.
北京市垃圾问题的现状及对策 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
介绍了北京市近年垃圾的产量、成分、热值及其变化情况。并对北京市垃圾处理所遵循的方针以及为处理垃圾做的工作,垃圾处理项目建设的进展情况作了简要介绍。目前北京市垃圾处理率约40%,到2000年可达到60%以上,处理垃圾要逐步达到以焚烧和实现资源化为主,适当发展堆肥处理,尽量减少填埋处理的垃圾量。文中另就垃圾的资源化、产业化发表了意见。为了加快处理垃圾、减轻政府负担,应逐步建立处理垃圾的产业,并逐步实现社会化,为此建议政府应制定相应的优惠政策。 相似文献
393.
通过对项目EIA与区域环境规划的概念,性质,内容,方法及在环境管理中作用的论述,指出了二者在实施中存在的问题,阐明了它们的特点与相互关系,同时结合我国当前的环境状况与面临的形势及对环境管理新的要求,提出了在今后的实施中应注意协调的原则和方法。 相似文献
394.
简要分析了沈阳这一特大城市建立资源循环型社会的必要性 ,对如何尽快形成资源循环型体系提出了主要对策 相似文献
395.
城市生活垃圾管理规划优化研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过研究为城市生活垃圾规划管理系统建立了不确定性多目标规划模型 ,并将其应用于深圳市。目前深圳市主要有 2种处理方式 :焚烧和填埋。根据不确定性多目标规划模型 ,在此就深圳市内生活垃圾处理规划未来 5a内(2 0 0 3~ 2 0 0 7年 )进行了 4种情景计算和分析 ,包括 :保证系统经济投入最小化 ;保证处理过程中大气污染最小化 ;保证处理过程中地下水污染最小化 ;以及结合当地专家和政府部门的偏好等。根据结果比较 ,认为第 4种处理方案最为科学。 相似文献
396.
Douglas S. Kenney 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(3):493-503
ABSTRACT: The 1990s have featured a rapid proliferation of “watershed initiatives” in the western United States and elsewhere. Watershed initiatives are ad hoc, voluntary associations typically featuring both governmental and non-governmental actors organized together to collaboratively seek new strategies for addressing water and related natural resource problems at physically relevant regional scales. These efforts are a response to historical and sociopolitical trends that have resulted in increasingly ineffective forums and processes of resource management decision-making, and that have subordinated the role of local stakeholders in problem-solving efforts. In most cases, watershed initiatives appear to provide a pragmatic vehicle for resource managers and stakeholders to address common concerns in a more efficient manner than is otherwise possible, and as such, deserve further application and continued support. 相似文献
397.
Clayton Ogg 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(5):1015-1021
Manures and fertilizers are applied to agricultural lands in excess of recommended amounts, resulting in widespread pollution of surface and ground water and contributing a substantial source of greenhouse gases associated with global warming. By developing policies that exploit the value of farm produced nutrients, input costs can be minimized. Better accounting for or crediting of farm produced nutrients is leading to economically beneficial conservation of fertilizer. In addition, hog producers who own enough land may benefit from properly managing manure nutrients. Poultry litter is valuable as fertilizer and can be marketed by independent dealers to farmers in nutrient deficit areas, with very modest assistance from the government. Dairy producers may modify their past income support programs to finance central compost facilities. Although nutrient problems were neglected in the past, recent Federal initiatives and joint initiatives with states exploit many of these and other opportunities to avoid excessive application of nutrients to the land. 相似文献
398.
Philip Chao 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(6):1499-1507
ABSTRACT: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted an assessment of Great Lakes water resources impacts under transient climate change scenarios. The integrated model linked empirical regional climate downscaling, hydrologic and hydraulic models, and water resource use sub-models. The water resource uses include hydropower, navigation, shoreline damages, and wetland area. The study is unique in that both steady-state 2°CO2 and transient global circulation model (GCM) scenarios were used and compared to each other. The results are consistent with other impact studies in that high scatter in regional climate among the GCM scenarios lead to high uncertainty in impacts. Nevertheless, the transient scenarios show that in the near-term (approximately 20 years) significant changes could occur. This result only adds to the urgency of creating more flexible and robust management of water resources uses. 相似文献
399.
Robert L. McLaughlin Moira M. Ferguson David L. G. Noakes 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,45(5):386-395
Some recently emerged brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) inhabiting still-water pools along the sides of streams are sedentary and eat crustaceans from the lower portion of the
water column. Others are more active and eat insects from the upper portion of the water column. We provide evidence that
this divergent foraging behavior reflects short-term divergent selection brought about by intraspecific competition in the
presence of alternative food sources. Rates of encounters and interactions between individuals were density dependent, and
encounter and interaction events were closely timed with prey capture attempts. In addition, aggressive fish made more foraging
attempts per minute than nonaggressive fish. Aggressive fish were also either inactive or very active, while nonaggressive
fish exhibited intermediate levels of activity. Growth rate potential, an important component of fitness during the early
life stages of brook charr, was assessed using tissue concentrations of RNA and found to be highest for sedentary fish and
for active fish making frequent foraging attempts, and lower for fish exhibiting intermediate levels of activity. Our findings
support contentions that individual behavior plays an important role during initial steps in the evolution of resource polymorphisms.
Received: 27 July 1998 / Accepted after revision: 16 November 1998 相似文献
400.