苏州河的主要支流污染源及防治对策

采用现场察看和查阅资料的方法，对苏州河四支流彭越浦、木渎港、新泾港和真如港的部份市区污染严重段的污染源进行了调查研究，并根据等标污染负荷确定污染大户。在此基础上，结合支流底质及非点污染源的实况，提出了相应的防治对策。     

Functional Homogenization Effect of Urbanization on Bird Communities

Abstract:  We studied the community richness and dynamics of birds in landscapes recently affected by urbanization to test the prediction that biotic communities living in degraded landscapes are increasingly composed of generalist species. We analyzed bird communities in 657 plots monitored by the French Breeding Bird Survey from 2001 to 2005, accounting for the probability of species detection and spatial autocorrelation. We used an independent land-cover program to assess urbanization intensity in each FBBS plot, from 1992 to 2002. We found that urbanization induced community homogenization and that populations of specialist species became increasingly unstable with increasing urbanization of the landscape. Our results emphasize that urbanization has a substantial impact on the spatial component of communities and highlight the destabilizing effect of urbanization on communities over time. These results illustrate that urbanization may be a strong driving force in functional community composition and that measuring community homogenization is a powerful tool in the assessment of the effects of landscape changes and thus aides sustainable urban planning.     

Effects of sample survey design on the accuracy of classification tree models in species distribution models

We evaluated the effects of probabilistic (hereafter DESIGN) and non-probabilistic (PURPOSIVE) sample surveys on resultant classification tree models for predicting the presence of four lichen species in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Models derived from both survey forms were assessed using an independent data set (EVALUATION). Measures of accuracy as gauged by resubstitution rates were similar for each lichen species irrespective of the underlying sample survey form. Cross-validation estimates of prediction accuracies were lower than resubstitution accuracies for all species and both design types, and in all cases were closer to the true prediction accuracies based on the EVALUATION data set. We argue that greater emphasis should be placed on calculating and reporting cross-validation accuracy rates rather than simple resubstitution accuracy rates. Evaluation of the DESIGN and PURPOSIVE tree models on the EVALUATION data set shows significantly lower prediction accuracy for the PURPOSIVE tree models relative to the DESIGN models, indicating that non-probabilistic sample surveys may generate models with limited predictive capability. These differences were consistent across all four lichen species, with 11 of the 12 possible species and sample survey type comparisons having significantly lower accuracy rates. Some differences in accuracy were as large as 50%. The classification tree structures also differed considerably both among and within the modelled species, depending on the sample survey form. Overlap in the predictor variables selected by the DESIGN and PURPOSIVE tree models ranged from only 20% to 38%, indicating the classification trees fit the two evaluated survey forms on different sets of predictor variables. The magnitude of these differences in predictor variables throws doubt on ecological interpretation derived from prediction models based on non-probabilistic sample surveys.     

Improving agricultural sustainability: the case of Swedish greenhouse tomatoes

Of major concern to agriculturists and society are issues of sustainability and land and resource requirements for food and fiber. Sustainability of Swedish domestic agriculture is explored using the production of tomatoes in greenhouses as a case study. Issues of sustainability are related to net yields, environmental loading, greenhouse gases, employment and land use. A model for evaluation of sustainability is developed and illustrated using the concepts and theories of analysis. The intensive tomato production system investigated was shown to be highly dependent on non-renewable resources and human service fed back from society. Substituting wood powder from logging residues for the oil used for heating reduced the environmental load and improved the sustainability of the system significantly.     

内蒙古生态环境状况及生态环境受破坏原因

本文根据对全区生态环境现状遥感调查成果，对全区森林、草原、荒源、湿地、农业等生态环境的现状及主要生态问题进行了阐述论述，并分析了产生的原因，提出了建议对策。内蒙古自治区局部区域生态环境有所改善，整体恶化、超势仍在加剧，地带性的草原、荒漠植被均不同程度地退化。全区土地沙化、砾石化、水土流失、盐渍化、沙丘活化等生态环境恶化的区域达到１７３０万公顷。全区草原开垦十分严重，草原面积迅速减少，沙漠面积在扩展     

利用垃圾填埋沼气发电走垃圾资源化道路

针对我国垃圾产生量大,以填埋处理方式为主的状况,介绍了垃圾填埋沼气发电的原理、技术和国内外现状等,提出要利用垃圾填埋产生的沼气进行发电使城市垃圾化害为利,变废为宝,实现垃圾资源化。     

持续发展与资源对策

持续发展与资源对策李文华（中国科学院国家计划委员会自然资源综合考察委员会北京１００１０１）随着人口迅速增长、消费的增加和人类对地球影响的规模空前加大，在人口、资源、环境与经济发展关系上，出现了一系列的、尖锐的矛盾，引起了人们忧虑与不安。１９７２年在斯...     

云南省小学生环保教育现状调查研究

对全省小学生生态教育现状的抽样调查表明，由于环保教育在学校定位较低，教师自身环保意识不高等原因，云南小学生态教育总体水平较低，应确立环保教育在小学的地位，制定目标，营造氛围，发挥教师主导作用，利用第二课堂，切实加强对小学生的环保教育。     

绿色化学—21世纪的化学

绿色化学是从节约资源和防止污染的角度来重新和改革传统化学。文中评述了近年来对原料、化学反应、产品、催化剂和溶剂的绿色化开展的一些主要研究及目前取得的进展。     

北方寒冷地区造纸废水污染治理成果的启示

本文报道了对北方寒冷地区造纸企业废水污染治理，通过工艺与设备的调整与改造，综合治理废水排放对环境污染，获得了一定的环境和经济效益。