Formation of the resource concept in Japan: pre-war and post-war efforts in knowledge integration

The objective of this paper is to trace the evolution of the resource concept in modern Japan by highlighting key individuals who played major roles in communicating this idea to a wider audience during its formation and development between the 1910s and 1950s. Special attention will be paid to the effect of different historical contexts on interpretations of the term “resource”. The paper reveals how the integration of knowledge indispensable for achieving sustainability occurs. The orientation of resource policy was drastically different before and after World War II. In the pre-war period, the military government used the resource concept to create a comprehensive inventory of the nation’s military forces, and “resource” was thus a convenient term to neutralize the aggressive connotations of top-down military mobilization. After the turn to democratic principles in 1945, “resource” suddenly acquired a symbolic meaning as a means to serve the people. Despite these contrasts, however, pre and post-war resource concepts share a commonality in that the government acted as the centralizing force, providing a platform to integrate disparate knowledge under the resource concept. At a time when society itself is more prone to fragmentation, the resource concept, which played a significant role in unification in the past, should be re-examined. The history of the concept in Japan, particularly during the pre and post-war period up until the 1950s, contains a wealth of insights as to how this can be achieved.

高精度磁测在圈定铬渣堆积范围中的试验研究

界定铬渣堆积范围对于场地环境的维护和管理具有现实意义。工业生产过程中燃烧产生尾渣的磁化率是土层的几十倍,为高精度磁测在铬渣污染场地中的调查提供了前提条件和物理基础。文章采用高精度磁测对青海海北某一铬渣堆积场地进行调查,根据异常曲线的特征和定性拟合解释剖面,判定为铬渣填埋体为三度体,可近视看成为球体,球体的直径为5.8 ...     

基于SPR的焦作生态安全评价指标体系构建

构建符合研究地点实际生态环境状况的生态安全评价指标体系是科学、合理的进行评价的基础,也是政府进行有效管理的前提。构建了SPR概念模型,提出了基于该模型的城市生态安全指标体系的构建方法。该方法主要包括建立SPR概念模型、实地调研、环境问题及成因辨识、指标体系初建、问卷调查及指标筛选等5个基本步骤。所建的指标体系可反映研究区域的主要生态环境问题,以及这些问题的现状水平、产生诱因和调控力度。以焦作为例,描述了该方法的应用。结果为:经实地调研及问卷调查,率定出9个主要的环境问题及形成每个环境问题的2个主要成因;根据SPR模型,确定表征每个环境问题成因的状态层、压力层及响应层指标,共计74个;就合理性、数据可得性等设计问卷征求专家意见后,最终建立了包含43个指标的生态安全评价指标体系,为未来焦作市生态安全评价和调控奠定基础。     

碳源强化对人工湿地反硝化过程的影响研究

反硝化是人工湿地去除硝酸盐氮的主要机制,高含氮污水中低碳氮比是导致脱氮效果低的主要原因.研究了添加碳源对人工湿地反硝化过程的强化效果,结果表明,外界温度对湿地内的反硝化影响不大,而碳源则是重要的影响因素,对湿地投加碳源可以显著提高湿地的硝氮去除能力,在进水硝氮浓度25～45mg.L-1,24h水力停留时间的条件下,投加...     

中国纺织印染加工用化学品的风险评估

概述了我国纺织化学品风险管理在法规、标准指南、风险评估方面与国外的差距。并就纺织印染加工用化学品风险评估中的3个环节,即行业调研、化学品安全数据库构建和危害识别,提出并探讨了8个问题。行业调研环节,重点探讨了纺织化学品生产使用企业的调研问题,纺织化学品的信息透明度问题和混合组分问题;化学品安全数据库构建环节,探讨了纺织化学品安全信息的完整度和定量结构活性关系计算的缺陷;危害识别环节,探讨了纺织化学品中持久性、生物蓄积性和有毒(PBT)化学品,致癌、致畸和生殖毒性化学品(CMR)以及内分泌干扰物质(EDC)的识别。     

Membrane fouling controlled by coagulation/adsorption during direct sewage membrane filtration (DSMF) for organic matter concentration

Unlike the role of the membrane in a membrane bioreactor, which is designed to replace a sediment tank, direct sewage membrane filtration (DSMF), with the goal of concentrating organic matters, is proposed as a pretreatment process in a novel sewage treatment concept. The concept of membrane-based pretreatment is proposed to divide raw sewage into a concentrated part retaining most organics and a filtered part with less pollutant remaining, so that energy recovery and water reuse, respectively, could be realized by post-treatment. A pilot-scale experiment was carried out to verify the feasibility of coagulant/adsorbent addition for membrane fouling control, which has been the main issue during this DSMF process. The results showed that continuous coagulant addition successfully slowed down the increase in filtration resistance, with the resistance maintained below 1.0 × 10¹³ m^− 1 in the first 70 hr before a jump occurred. Furthermore, the adsorbent addition contributed to retarding the occurrence of the filtration resistance jump, achieving simultaneous fouling control and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration improvement. The final concentrated COD amounted to 7500 mg/L after 6 days of operation.     

Distribution and habitat characteristics of fishes in the Pearl River Estuary北大核心CSCD

To explore the current situation and distribution of fish in the eight major estuaries of the Pearl River Estuary in China, acoustic detection and water quality monitoring were conducted in 2018. The results showed that almost living in eight major estuaries were juvenile, the proportion of strong echo was higher in winter, and Jiaomen and Modaomen Estuary were relatively rich in adult fish. In winter, the Humen, Jiaomen, and Yamen Estuary had a high density relatively, for 46.05 (± 50.30), 33.12 (± 93), and 32 (± 78) ind/103 m3, respectively. However, the fish densities of the Hengmen, Modaomen, and Hutiaomen estuaries were higher in summer at 55.72 (± 83.23), 37.52 (± 55) and 36 (± 99) ind/103 m3, respectively. Thus, fish are mainly concentrated in the flood tidal estuary in winter and in the ebb tidal estuary in summer. In addition, fish density was higher in flood tide than in ebb tide, and the strong echo proportion was lower. In winter, the key water quality factors affecting the biodiversity of estuary fish Shannon were chlorophyll a (P < 0.05), while what affected the fish density were turbidity and salinity (P < 0.05). This study showed that the Pearl River estuary was still the main habitat for juvenile fish. However, habitat variability is obvious; hence, it is important to flexibly carry out the delimitation of estuarine fish reserves and ecological restoration. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Measurement of sustainability performance in Brazilian organizations

In recent years, sustainability issues are gaining greater prominence among organizations and their stakeholders around the world. This paper aims to verify the sustainability performance of Brazilian organizations in performance measures and to propose sustainable guidelines with the intention of directing future efforts to the transition to sustainable development. The research utilized a triangulated approach by collecting qualitative and quantitative data acquired through multiple collection methods of a theoretical literature review, documentary analysis of corporate reports, questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews with industry professionals and academic researchers. The results show that internal organizational factors are the main inductors of the sustainable environment in organizations, and sustainability must be tied to strategic planning, starting from upper management to lower levels. It is essential to use sustainable performance measurement systems in order to respond to external and internal levers and serve as benchmarking for future corporate operations and strategies. In addition, it is the responsibility of organizations to focus their efforts on environmental protection, reduction of energy, corporate reputation, quality management, customer satisfaction and investor relations, as they are considered to be more important and have a relationship of dependence on organizational sustainability. The findings will be of value to professionals and academics who want to start measuring and for continuously improving the sustainability performance of their organizations according to the technical, economic, environmental, social and governance dimensions. This research work also helps to understand the perceptions and expectations of stakeholders.     

Organizational adoption of sustainable manufacturing practices in India: integrating institutional theory and corporate environmental responsibility

Organizations are increasingly engaging in socially and environmentally sustainable initiatives. This paper focuses on the institutional isomorphism mechanisms to analyse the organizational adoption of sustainable manufacturing practices like eco-design, source reduction, and environmental management practices. This paper empirically examines the role of institutional influence in the organizational adoption of sustainable manufacturing practices among firms in India. The results of this study confirm the significance of the three institutional isomorphism mechanisms in influencing sustainable responses, but not all mechanisms influence the organizational response equally. In particular, the results show a strong influence of self-regulatory normative isomorphism on the implementation.     

污水处理厂恶臭烦恼模拟评价及验证

对某污水处理厂有组织及无组织源进行采样调查,基于CALPUFF模型建立恶臭评价因子,对恶臭扰民进行判定,并通过厂界样品检测、现场嗅探监测、居民问卷调查3种方式对模型模拟结果进行验证.结果表明,该污水处理厂在各个方向上的恶臭防护距离为200~1450m,周边8个居民区可引起恶臭烦恼;模型模拟得到的臭气浓度及居民烦恼与验证结果一致性较好.