长江经济带国土空间开发利用问题与对策研究

以长江经济带国土空间开发利用问题为研究对象,采用统计分析等方法,系统分析了长江经济带国土开发利用面临的资源环境限制性约束趋紧、国土空间结构性矛盾突出、开发利用效率不高、空间功能下降等问题。提出了优化长江经济带发展国土开发利用,必须从中华民族长远利益考虑,以构建国土空间集聚开发格局和分类保护格局的国土空间蓝图为目标,以承载力为基础优化国土空间开发格局,以分类保护和综合整治增强国土功能,以节约集约提升国土利用效益,以区域统筹协调区域土地利用,实现建设集约高效、生态良好、协调发展的国土构想。     

Uncovering the evolution of tin use in the United States and its implications

• US tin use decreases as the GDP value added by manufacturing sector increases. • Global and China’s tin use increases as the GDP added by manufacturing increases. • A sigmoid curve can fit the US tin use data well. • US tin use patterns is not due to the finite tin reserves or resources. • Policies, substitutions, etc. play key roles in the changing tin use patterns. Tin is of key importance to daily life and national security; it is considered an essential industrial metal. The United States (US) is the world’s largest economy and consumer of natural resources. Therefore, the analysis of historical tin use in the US is helpful for understanding future tin use trends in the world as a whole and in developing countries. Time series analysis, regression analysis with GDP or GDP/capita, and historical data fitted with logistic and Gompertz models are employed in this study. Historical tin use in the US shows three stages—increase-constant-decrease, as GDP per capita has increased. Tin use in the US is negatively correlated with the GDP value added by the manufacturing sector, while the use of tin worldwide and in China continues to increase along with the GDP value added by the manufacturing sector. Although a sigmoid curve can fit the US tin use data well, that use is not directly related to the limited tin reserves or resources. Rather, policies, economic restructuring, substitutions, new end-use markets, etc. have played key roles in the changing tin use patterns. This work contributes to understanding future tin use at both the global and national levels: tin use will continue to increase with GDP at the global level, but use patterns of tin at the national level can be changed through human intervention.     

西庄河流域土地利用方式对土壤肥力影响的研究

采用野外调查、取样和实验分析相结合的方法对云南省保山市西庄河山地流域内4种主要土地利用方式（林地、耕地、茶园、灌丛）的土壤理化性质进行对比研究,讨论了不同土地利用方式对土壤肥力的影响,结果表明,不同的土地利用方式对土壤肥力具有比较明显的影响：土壤有机质和全氮质量分数变化从大到小依次为灌丛＞林地＞茶园＞耕地;磷、钾元素表现为耕地＞茶园＞林地＞灌丛;土壤阳离子交换量表现为耕地＞茶园＞灌丛＞林地;盐基饱和度表现为耕地＞灌丛＞林地＞茶园;农业耕作活动对表层土壤物理性质影响明显。     

土地集约利用程度对华北潮土农田土壤微生物群落丰度和死生物物质积累的影响

土壤微生物决定着土壤生态系统的养分周转状况,其死生物物质在土壤有机碳(SOC)积累中发挥关键作用.然而,目前缺乏对土壤微生物群落丰度及其死生物物质如何响应农业土地集约利用程度调整的了解.为弥补这一知识缺口,基于土地集约化利用程度,设置小麦-玉米周年轮作(CC)、临时草地与小麦种植交替(TG)和多年生草地(PG)这3个处理开展长期定位试验,采用基于数字PCR和微生物标志物氨基糖的检测技术,以探究农业土地集约利用程度调整对土壤细菌和真菌数量,以及细菌、真菌和总微生物死生物物质C积累及其对土壤SOC封存贡献的影响,进一步明确驱动细菌、真菌和总微生物死生物物质C积累的关键因子.结果表明,与土壤细菌群落丰度相比,真菌群落丰度受到农业土地集约利用程度调整的强烈影响,随土地集约利用程度的降低而增加.在3种土地集约利用程度处理下,土壤总微生物死生物物质C均主导SOC积累,对SOC的贡献率分别达到52.78%、 58.36%和68.87%,呈现随土地集约利用程度降低而升高的趋势;真菌死生物物质C占总微生物死生物物质C的比例均大于80%,说明其对总微生物死生物物质C的绝对主导地位,且受土地集约利用程度降低...     

偏最小二乘回归方法在土地利用结构研究中的应用

针对当前LUCC研究中存在的数据间多重相关性和样本量不足的问题,论文将一种新型的多元统计数据分析方法---偏最小二乘回归引入到研究中。该方法可以有效地克服上述缺陷,并能实现多种数据分析方法的综合应用。为检验方法的功能及实用性,论文以苏锡常地区为例,对区域的土地利用结构及其影响因子进行了定量分析。结果表明,偏最小二乘回归是进行土地利用结构研究的一种十分有效的工具,在地学领域有广阔的应用前景。     

浑河环境保护与地下水资源质量的改善

介绍了沈阳市地下水水源地分布状况、浑河沿岸水文地质条件与河水的渗漏、浑河污染对地下水源的影响及2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3年浑河治臭工程对地下水环境的影响     

清水塘地区土壤重金属污染现状及修复技术研究

阐述了清水塘地区土壤和农作物重金属污染现状,提出了对受污染土壤的修复措施及土地利用构想。     

实施西部开发战略应注意资源开发区的环境保护问题

实施西部开发战略应注意矿产资源开发、土地资源开发、水资源开发、森林资源开发、草地资源开发、农业资源开发、生物资源开发和旅游资源开发等活动的环境保护问题，本文就此问题提出建议。     

基于NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光的长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放空间分异研究

从县域尺度开展土地利用碳排放空间分异研究,对指导区域实现碳达峰及碳中和目标具有重要意义.基于2013-2019年NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据测算长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放,并运用探索性空间数据分析和地理探测器,对长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放空间分异特征及影响因素进行分析.结果 显示:①2013-2019年,长株潭地...     

Policy integration for adaptive water governance: Learning from Scotland's experience

This paper contributes to on-going attempts at bringing together two influential ideas in water governance: Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and adaptive governance. In particular, a tension remains between the call in IWRM for the use of formal institutions, such as river basin organisations, to secure public policy integration, and the assumptions in adaptive governance in favour of informal collaboration between essentially independent policy actors. To clarify this relationship, this article draws on theoretical research on public policy integration, and uses these insights in an empirical setting to identify mechanisms that can facilitate effective policy integration for adaptive water governance. The research is based on recent attempts in Scotland to implement IWRM ideas to improve flood management. Several governance mechanisms were adopted to facilitate the integration of flood, water and rural land use policies. Six Scottish policy regimes are analysed using documentary sources and interviews. Results challenge the idea that collaboration should primarily be built on either river basin organisations or informal mechanisms. We identify a mix of informal and statutory-based mechanisms which may secure political and technocratic commitment to policy integration.