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241.
Xuehao Zhao Yinhu Wu Xue Zhang Xin Tong Tong Yu Yunhong Wang Nozomu Ikuno Kazuki Ishii Hongying Hu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):55
242.
污水再生处理微滤-反渗透工艺经济分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来,微滤-反渗透(MF-RO)工艺在污水再生处理领域中的应用越来越受到关注,但其设备投资和运行成本较高,需要建立科学、高效的运行管理机制和投入产出机制,以提高其经济效益。系统研究了北京市某再生水厂微滤-反渗透(MF-RO)工艺的设备投资及运行费用等情况。再生水成本主要由设备折旧费和运行成本组成,其中运行成本所占比例较高,而在运行成本中所占比例最高的是膜更换费、电费和药剂费。目前该厂再生水销水量约为7 000 m3/d,运行负荷率仅为33.33%,导致再生水成本较高,总成本约达5.29元/m3,其中设备折旧费为0.83元/m3,运行成本约为4.46元/m3。因此提高运行负荷率,即提高销水量,是降低再生水成本的关键。 相似文献
243.
244.
Removal of PFOS, PFOA and other perfluoroalkyl acids at water reclamation plants in South East Queensland Australia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Thompson J Eaglesham G Reungoat J Poussade Y Bartkow M Lawrence M Mueller JF 《Chemosphere》2011,82(1):9-17
This paper examines the fate of perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs) and carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in two water reclamation plants in Australia. Both facilities take treated water directly from WWTPs and treat it further to produce high quality recycled water. The first plant utilizes adsorption and filtration methods alongside ozonation, whilst the second uses membrane processes and advanced oxidation to produce purified recycled water. At both facilities perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were the most frequently detected PFCs. Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in influent (WWTP effluent) ranged up to 3.7 and 16 ng L−1 respectively, and were reduced to 0.7 and 12 ng L−1 in the finished water of the ozonation plant. Throughout this facility, concentrations of most of the detected perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) remained relatively unchanged with each successive treatment step. PFOS was an exception to this, with some removal following coagulation and dissolved air flotation/sand filtration (DAFF). At the second plant, influent concentrations of PFOS and PFOA ranged up to 39 and 29 ng L−1. All PFCs present were removed from the finished water by reverse osmosis (RO) to concentrations below detection and reporting limits (0.4-1.5 ng L−1). At both plants the observed concentrations were in the low parts per trillion range, well below provisional health based drinking water guidelines suggested for PFOS and PFOA. 相似文献
245.
Octanoic acid (OA) was selected to represent fatty acids in effluent organic matter (EOM). The effects of feed solution (FS) properties, membrane orientation and initial permeate flux on OA fouling in forward osmosis (FO) were investigated. The undissociated OA formed a cake layer quickly and caused the water flux to decline significantly in the initial 0.5 hr at unadjusted pH 3.56; while the fully dissociated OA behaved as an anionic surfactant and promoted the water permeation at an elevated pH of 9.00. Moreover, except at the initial stage, the sudden decline of water flux (meaning the occurrence of severe membrane fouling) occurred in two conditions: 1. 0.5 mmol/L Ca2 +, active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) and 1.5 mol/L NaCl (DS); 2. No Ca2 +, active layer-facing FS (AL-FS) and 4 mol/L NaCl (DS). This demonstrated that cake layer compaction or pore blocking occurred only when enough foulants were absorbed into the membrane surface, and the water permeation was high enough to compact the deposit inside the porous substrate. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as a co-foulant. The water flux of both co-foulants was between the fluxes obtained separately for the two foulants at pH 3.56, and larger than the two values at pH 9.00. This manifested that, at pH 3.56, BSA alleviated the effect of the cake layer caused by OA, and OA enhanced BSA fouling simultaneously; while at pH 9.00, the mutual effects of OA and BSA eased the membrane fouling. 相似文献
246.
Fabrication and performance of PET mesh enhanced cellulose acetate membranes for forward osmosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polyethylene terephthalate mesh(PET) enhanced cellulose acetate membranes were fabricated via a phase inversion process. The membrane fabrication parameters that may affect the membrane performance were systematically evaluated including the concentration and temperature of the casting polymer solution and the temperature and time of the evaporation, coagulation and annealing processes. The water permeability and reverse salt flux were measured in forward osmosis(FO) mode for determination of the optimal membrane fabrication conditions. The optimal FO membrane shows a typical asymmetric sandwich structure with a mean thickness of about 148.2 μm. The performance of the optimal FO membrane was tested using 0.2 mol/L Na Cl as the feed solution and 1.5 mol/L glucose as the draw solution. The membrane displayed a water flux of 3.47 L/(m2·hr) and salt rejection of95.48% in FO mode. While in pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) mode, the water flux was4.74 L/(m2·hr) and salt rejection 96.03%. The high ratio of water flux in FO mode to that in PRO mode indicates that the fabricated membrane has a lower degree of internal concentration polarization than comparable membranes. 相似文献
247.
缺氧/厌氧/好氧工艺的脱氮除磷研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过实验研究缺氧环境倒置,来比较对A/A/O工艺脱氮除功能的影响。结果表明,与常规A/A/O(厌/缺/好)工艺相比,倒置后的工艺具有更好的脱氮除磷效果,在同等条件下,倒置系统的出水中PO4^3-P明显降低,而比反硝化速率却可30-50%,该文还进一步揭示了聚磷微生物在各种环境下的释磷和吸磷规律及其相互关系。 相似文献
248.
Wenjuan Zhang Bo Han Ramato Ashu Tufa Chuyang Tang Xunuo Liu Ge Zhang Jing Chang Rui Zhang Rong Mu Caihong Liu Dan Song Junjing Li Jun Ma Yufeng Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(4):46
249.
地铁隧道穿越江河地质稳定性及渗流特性数值分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
无论是国内还是国外,在地铁修建过程中,都会不可避免的遇到地铁下穿河流或者其他地下水丰富的区域。土层内丰富的含水量必定会给地铁区间隧道的施工带来较大影响,甚至会造成渗水、流砂等施工事故。以南京地铁二号线工程莫愁湖-汉中门区间为例,分析比较3种不同施工方案下隧道地质的稳定性及渗流特性,研究结论可为地铁设计及施工给予一定的指导。 相似文献