Physical Properties of Chemically Modified Starch(RS4)/PVA Blend Films—Part 1

In this paper, we report on the physical properties of films that have been synthesized by using native corn starch (NS) and chemically modified starch (RS4). NS or RS4/PVA blend films were synthesized by using the mixing process and the casting method. Glycerol (GL), sorbitol (SO), and citric acid (CA) were used as additives. The chemically modified starch (RS4) was synthesized by using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as a crosslinker. Then, the RS4 thus synthesized was confirmed by using the pancreatin-gravimetric method, swelling power and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Tensile strength (TS), elongation (%E), swelling behavior (SB), and solubility (S) of the films were measured. The result of the measurements indicated the RS4-added film was better than the NS-added film. Especially, the RS4/PVA blend film with CA as an additive showed the physical properties superior to other films.     

改性淀粉的合成及其对重金属离子的捕集效果

以玉米淀粉为原料，经过交联、间接醚化、胺化以及cs：亲核加成反应，得到二硫代氨基甲酸基（DTC）改性淀粉（DTCS），并对其合成条件进行优化；考察了交联度、醚化温度、氯含量及胺化剂对DTCS捕集重金属离子效果的影响。优化后的DTCS合成条件：交联淀粉（CS）沉降积为30—34mL，醚化温度为80℃，氯质量分数为7．82％，胺化剂为二乙烯四胺。实验结果表明，DTCS对Cu^2＋，Pb^2＋，Zn^2＋，Cd^2＋，Ni^2＋均有较好的去除效果，其对Cu^2＋，Pb^2＋，Zn^2＋，Cd^2＋，Ni^2＋的饱和吸附量分别为0．85，0．83，0．65，0．74，0．47mmol／g。     

Influence of Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Cassava Starch Foams

The utilization of renewable resources in packaging can provide solutions to ecological problems such as waste quantity. Agricultural resources are alternative raw materials, among which there is starch, a natural polysaccharide that can be used to form resistant foam under wet and warm conditions. The starch foam is obtained by thermo pressing process where cassava starch, water and additives are processed to form a rigid structure by swelling, gelatinization and network formation. Natural fibers can be used to improve the mechanical properties of starch foams. In this project was investigated the influence of the addition of fibers in the levels of 1, 2 and 3% of cassava (short fiber) and 1, 2 and 3% of wheat fiber (powered fiber) in the starch dough. The foams were characterized by physical methods of strength, flexibility, density and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The increase in fibers quantity has resulted in foams with higher density and less flexibility, whatever the fiber type. Most fibers quantity did not improve the foam strength. Foam made with 1% of cassava fiber showed higher compression strength; by increasing the percentage quantity there was a decrease on the compression resistance. Foam made with wheat fiber presented a lower result in 2%. The fiber type had no statistical significance in strength, flexibility and density foam. Only the fiber quantity was significant. The results showed that both fibers presented limited dimensions to improve the reinforcement of the starch foams up to 1%.     

Effect of Poly(dioxolane) as Compatibilizer in Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/Tapioca Starch Blends

The influence of poly(dioxolane) (PDXL), a poly(ethylene oxide-alt-methylene oxide), as compatibilizer on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)/tapioca starch (TS) blends was studied. In order to facilitate blending; PCL, PDXL and TS must be blended together directly; so that PDXL is partially adhered at the TS surface as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The molecular weight effect of PDXL on the PCL/TS blends showed that mechanical properties of PCL/TS/PDXL blends from low molecular weight (M _n=10,000) and high molecular weight (M _n=200,000) PDXL were rather dependent on TS content. The enzymatic degradability of PCL/TS/PDXL blends using α-amylase increased as the TS content increased but was independent on the dispersion of tapioca starch in the PCL matrix.     

蕉藕淀粉废水絮凝试验

试验采用化学混凝法对蕉藕淀粉加工产生的废水进行处理,研究了硫酸铝,氯化铁,聚合硫酸铁(PSF),聚合氯化铝(PAC),聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)等不同混凝剂种类和投加量对COD、SS和TP去除效果的影响。试验结果表明,聚合氯化铝处理效果最佳,在废水COD、SS和TP的浓度分别为8340mg/L、7060mg/L和320mg/L时聚合氯化铝以500mg/L的用量得到COD、SS和TP的去除率分别为97.1%、98.0%和70%,出水的COD为241mg/L,SS为142mg/L,TP为112mg/L。     

基于模糊神经网络的水稻农田重金属污染水平高光谱预测模型

以吉林省长春一汽厂附近3块不同重金属污染状况的水稻实验样地为例,通过地面实测获取了水稻的光谱反射率、叶片叶绿素含量、叶片及土壤重金属含量等数据.同时,在分析重金属对水稻叶片叶绿素含量影响的基础上,通过多元逐步回归分析选出对水稻叶片叶绿素含量微小变化指示灵敏的光谱参数作为模型输入层,并将水稻叶片叶绿素含量值作为输出层来表征农田重金属污染胁迫水平,最终建立了用于预测水稻农田重金属污染水平的模糊神经网络模型.结果表明,该模糊神经网络模型预测的水稻重金属污染胁迫水平与实测结果吻合度较高,预测的叶绿素含量值与实测值的拟合度较好(R2=0.985).表明在受重金属污染胁迫的情况下,水稻叶片叶绿素含量微小而复杂的变化可以通过构建模糊神经网络模型很好地模拟出来,从而确定出农田的重金属污染水平.     

上流式多级厌氧反应器（UMAR）处理木薯淀粉废水的研究

对自行研制的上流式多级厌氧反应器（UMAR）处理木薯淀粉废水的启动和运行特性进行了研究.结果表明,UMAR反应器启动周期短,易培养出活性高的颗粒污泥,经过40 d的运行,COD去除率可达84%,VSS/TSS由78%增加到90.4%.UMAR处理效率高,水力停留时间（HRT）为4 h,进水COD为6 250 mg/L,容积负荷为24 kg/(m³·d)时, COD去除率在75%以上.UMAR反应器对负荷提高、低pH冲击、进水水质的改变表现出良好的耐受能力.     

二氧化硅复合淀粉材料对染料的吸附性能研究

在交联淀粉存在和弱酸性条件下,使硅酸钠水解生成的二氧化硅与淀粉复合制备了二氧化硅交联淀粉( Sist),通过FT-IR光谱对材料进行了表征,表明反应中形成的二氧化硅与淀粉发生了交联,形成了无机有机复合材料.进一步研究了其对三种不同类型染料的吸附性能.结果表明当硅酸钠添加量为8％时所得的Sist复合材料对染料的吸附性能最...     

UASB反应器处理淀粉废水的效果及影响因素

介绍了UASB反应器处理玉米淀粉废水的效果,分析了主要因素对处理效果的影响。淀粉废水处理实际工程的运行数据表明,UASB反应器处理玉米淀粉废水具有稳定的处理效果,COD去除率在83%以上,BOD5去除率在90%以上,出水满足后续好氧处理工艺的要求;有机负荷、pH值、碱度、出水循环、SO42-和悬浮物等是影响处理效果和颗粒污泥形成及其性质的几个关键因素。     

UASB反应器处理维生素B12淀粉混合废水的研究

为考察厌氧技术处理维生素Ｂ１２淀粉混合废水的可行性,进行了采用ＵＡＳＢ反应器处理废水研究,结果表明,在中温条件下,当进水ＣＯＤ浓度为１００００－１２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,ＣＯＤ容积负荷可达到３０ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）,ＣＯＤ去除率为８０％,容积产气率为１６．８０ｍ＾３／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）。