胶结稻壳灰制备钢铁厂用绝热材料的研究

介绍了利用钙淀粉胶结剂胶粘稻壳灰生产钢铁厂专用绝热制品的方法 ,为稻壳的利用提供了新的途径。该制品在高温下使用时不溃散、不散发有害的粉尘和气体 ,从而避免了直接使用稻壳灰对生产场所环境的污染 ;探讨了稻壳灰的碳化过程、胶结机理以及相关因素对制品性能的影响     

Rice mill waste as organic manure on a degraded Alfisol

In much of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the lack of organic soil amendments constitutes one of the principal causes for declining soil fertility in intensifying farming systems. The challenge, therefore, remains to increase the availability of organic inputs and to develop recommendations for their combination with inorganic fertilizers. An on-farm experiment was conducted in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to evaluate the fertilizer effect of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mill waste (RMW) on a degraded Alfisol. The decomposition and nutrient (N and P) release patterns of RMW were studied using the litterbag technique, and the effect on maize yield and soil properties was determined. The RMW was applied at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg DM ha⁻¹ and was applied either unburnt or burnt (farmers’ practice). In both years, compound fertilizer was broadcast during land preparation on all plots at rates of 40 kg N ha⁻¹, 17 kg P ha⁻¹, and 33 kg K ha⁻¹.Results obtained in the litterbag study showed that, at maize harvest, more than 90% of the P had been released from the decomposing RMW. However, around 60% of the organic C and 45% of the N still remained. Compared to the control treatment (0 Mg ha⁻¹ RMW), which yielded 0.55 Mg ha⁻¹, maize (Zea mays L.) grain yields were increased by 95% when 10 Mg ha⁻¹ of unburnt RMW was applied, and by 147% with 15 Mg ha⁻¹ (mean of 2 years). In contrast, burnt RMW did not result in significant yield increases. The cumulative application of 30 Mg ha⁻¹ of unburnt RMW significantly increased the soil organic carbon in the surface soil from 0.7% (0 Mg ha⁻¹ RMW) to 1.3%.The results of this investigation indicate that RMW constitutes a valuable organic input in the Guinea savanna if applied unburnt at rates of 10–15 Mg ha⁻¹ in combination with inorganic fertilizer. The repeated application of unburnt RMW may contribute to the rehabilitation of degraded soils through the buildup of soil organic matter.     

大气污染造成水稻产量损失的调查

通过实地调查，初步弄清水稻受大气污染后，其产量损失与大气污染程度的关系，调查结果显示，水稻受大气污染后，其每穗实粒数，结实率与大气污染程度呈反比，而产量损失率与大气污染程度呈正比，产量损失率与大气污染程度的相关系数达极显著水平。     

常温上流式厌氧污泥床反应器处理V_(B12)、淀粉混合废水的研究

常温(20～25℃)条件下,采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理维生素B_(12)、淀粉混合废水,当进水COD_(cr)浓度为8200～8900mg/L时,容积负荷可达到9.6kg/m~3d;COD_(cr)去除率为83.2％;产气率为0.436m~3/kgCOD_(cr)(去除)。     

玉米淀粉生产废水处理工程设计与实践

通过奋达淀粉有限公司生产废水的处理工程实践，介绍厌氧-二次氧化工艺处理高浓度玉米淀粉生产废水的调试运行情况，运行结果表明：在进水CODCr为3800mg／L、SS在200mg／L、pH为4～5。处理后水质CODCr〈100、SS〈70、pH为6-9，达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）一级标准。     

Rheological study of biodegradable blends of starch and polyvinyl alcohol

The rheological behavior of biodegradable blends of starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) was measured as a function of temperature, shear rate, and moisture content using a capillary rheometer. An excellent correlation was found with a rheological model which was used as a means to characterize the influence of starch/PVOH content as well as a qualification of the viscosity for simulation studies. This model consisted of a power law dependence on shear rate, an Arrhenius dependence on temperature, and an exponential dependence on moisture.Paper presented at the Biodegradable Materials and Packaging Conference, September 22–23, 1993, Natick, Massachusetts.Guest Editor: Dr. Randall Shogren, USDA.     

Mater-Bi: Properties and biodegradability

This paper examines the biodegradability of a new class of materials based on starch and vinylalcohol copolymers, which have been commercialized under the Mater-Bi trademark. Particular attention is given to the biodegradation process for natural and synthetic components of different Mater-Bi grades for film blowing in an aerobic respirometric test, in a SCAS (semicontinuous activated sludge) test, and by submersion in lake water. The correlation between morphology and biodegradation behavior is also considered. Taking into account the prior art on biodegradation of insoluble substrates, a two-step mechanism is proposed for Mater-Bi products.     

The Effects of Gas Flow Rate and the Interval Time of Water Supplement on Ethanol Production of Rice Straw by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

In the present work, characteristics of ethanol production from a single particle composing of pretreated rice straw, cellulase, and β-glucosidase were invesitgated by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The experiment experienced a start-up stage for S. cerevisiae biofilm formation, which was operated at an initial pH value of 4.8 for yeast solution, culture temperature of 30°C, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min for yeast solution, and stably operating stage for ethanol production at a culture temperature of 30°C. Investigations found that the maximal ethanol yield of 9.7 mg/g and the biofilm thickness of 0.37 mm were obtained at 30 mL/min of carrier gas flow rate. Also, the optimal interval time of water supplement was 4 h for SSF. The results show that the appropriate gas flow rate and the interval time of water supplement can keep the high activities of biofilm and enzymes during SSF and result in a high ethanol yield.     

淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附性能研究

以可溶性淀粉为原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,通过反相悬浮聚合得到淀粉微球作为吸附载体,研究了pH、吸附时间、温度对其苯酚吸附性能的影响,以及淀粉微球吸附苯酚的热力学和动力学特性,并利用扫描电镜仪、红外光谱仪对淀粉微球的结构进行了表征。结果表明,淀粉微球粒度分布均匀,表面粗糙多孔,具有相当大的孔容积和比表面积,具有较好的吸附性能;在20℃、pH为5.3时,吸附30 min后,淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附容量达到饱和,最大吸附量为18.71 mg/g;采用准二级吸附动力学方程能更好地描述淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附行为,淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附是以化学吸附为主控步骤的作用过程,淀粉微球对苯酚的吸附主要是通过氢键作用来完成的。