几种农村分散式污水处理工艺效益评价研究

运用生命周期思想剖析了苏南地区多种分散型农村生活污水处理工艺的结构因子及效益组成要素,构建了包括环境效益、技术性能、经济性能3个准则在内的以13项指标组成的效益评价体系。将其应用于国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大科技专项具体工程评价。结果表明,6种工艺中蚯蚓生物滤池综合效益得分最高,其次依次是氧化沟、生物接触氧化、SBR、AO2、MBR。根据评价结果提出了组合工艺法和限制因素法2种改进方案,分析结果显示,蚯蚓生物滤池同样具有较大的改良空间。     

农业面源污染对我国农村地表水的影响与对策研究

基于2015—2021年我国农村地表水环境质量监测数据,分析了农村地表水环境质量状况特征;选取农业农村社会经济活动相关参数,与农村地表水中主要超标因子的超标比例进行了相关性分析;以2020年为基准年,对全国31个行政区,涵盖农村地表水水质状况、农业农村活动水平和污染压力、环境容量3个方面的9个指标进行了聚类分析。结果表明,我国农村地表水的变化趋势、季节特点和主要超标因子等表现出明显的农业面源污染特征;乡村人口、农业投入品使用量和经济作物种植比例等参数与主要超标指标具有较强的相关性（R＞0.9）;聚类分析将全国31个行政区划分为7种不同的农业面源污染类型。提出,应根据不同地区农业面源污染特点,因地制宜地推进标准化规模养殖、畜禽粪污资源化利用、化肥减量行动、高效低风险农药推广等农业面源污染治理措施,进一步加大农村生活污水处理设施建设,同时,完善农村环境质量监测网络,加强农业面源污染监测和评估。     

国际标准产业分类体系的农、林、牧、渔业分类演化及启示

国际标准产业分类体系是目前国际上最有影响和权威的产业分类体系。深入了解国际标准产业分类体系中农、林、牧、渔业分类演化,对正确收集、处理和测算我国农、林、牧、渔业的指标以及国际间数据比较至关重要。论文首先详细地剖析国际标准产业分类体系的农、林、牧、渔业的分类演化,然后依据国际标准产业分类体系的最新变化,结合我国农、林、牧、渔业现状,为我国国民经济行业分类中农、林、牧、渔业的修改和调整提供建议。     

江苏省农村环境监测现状及“十四五”工作建议

农村生态环境保护是实现乡村振兴不可缺少的一环,是保障农业农村高质量发展的基础。基于"十三五"江苏省农村环境监测体系和2020年全省农村环境质量监测结果,分析了全省农村环境监测现状。指出,江苏省农村环境监测工作存在监测任务较重、基础信息获取难度较大、水环境监测代表性不足、监测指标单一以及对农业面源污染治理成效评估支撑不够等问题;提出,强化部门数据共享与信息整合、完善农村环境例行监测网络、构建农业面源污染监测技术体系、探索特色指标监测研究、加强农村环境监测人才队伍建设等"十四五"江苏省农村环境监测工作建议,以期摸清农业面源污染现状,为全省农村生态环境治理提供技术支撑。     

富阳市昌东村生态农业建设

对昌东村生态农业建设和自然资源保护情况进行了总结,并对其取得的成效进行了分析。结果表明,生态村建设是农村经济可持续发展必由之路,昌东经验对亚热带丘陵地区发展农村经济有一定指导意义。     

Path forward: Emerging issues and challenges

The NIOSH Construction Program worked with industry stakeholders to develop a National Occupational Safety and Health Construction Agenda to target future research and activities. The Program and its partners are also cognizant that new developments can emerge over time and that research can play an important role in helping to understand and address these emerging issues. Examples of emerging issues relevant to construction safety and health are described. These include: (a) climate change and energy considerations; (b) green construction developments and opportunities; (c) new materials; (d) changes in industry structure and practice; (e) workforce developments and disparities; (f) injury underreporting and cost and risk shifting; and (g) increased interest in addressing root causes. Responding to emerging issues while maintaining a focus on fundamental longstanding issues represents an ongoing challenge for researchers and industry organizations. Additional research to understand the diffusion and adoption of research by the industry is also needed. Research accomplished to date provides a strong foundation for addressing future industry needs and trends.     

Do developmental initiatives influence local attitudes toward conservation? A case study from the Kalakad–Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve,India

We evaluated the conservation attitudes of the local villagers living adjacent to the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in southern India 6 years after implementation of a World Bank funded eco-development project. We assessed attitudes towards three facets of conservation: the tiger, an emblematic species signifying India's commitment to wildlife conservation; the forest, a principle source of fuel-wood and other products; and the Forest Department, which manages the forest. More specifically we predicted that (i) attitudes would be an effective predictor of resource use interest in the forest and (ii) benefits obtained from the EDP would create more favorable attitudes towards conservation and the protected area employees. Twelve villages located within 3 km from the reserve boundary were chosen and 2-3% of the households interviewed with regard to their attitudes towards these three facets of conservation, their household resource use patterns, wealth, sex, age and length of residency. We found significant associations between wealth, sex, age and both tiger and forest conservation. Providing benefits has not changed the underlying attitudes of the communities. The poorer sections of society, whether receiving benefits or not, tended to support tiger conservation because conserving wildlife did not affect their livelihood in any way, whereas both the rich and poor had misgivings about forest conservation due to dependency on forest products. We conclude that the eco-development project has not effectively addressed the most important of the local concerns.     

The response of industry to environmental regulations in Alexandria, Egypt

The response of industry to current environmental regulations in Alexandria, Egypt was investigated. Environmental officers in 55 industrial firms completed a questionnaire examining their opinions about current environmental regulations, the statuses of their companies' compliance with those regulations, and the environmental management progress and problems in their companies. Although Egyptian industrialists had positive opinions about environmental regulations, their companies were not in satisfactory compliance with those regulations. The context in which environmental concern started in Egypt and the economic environment of Egyptian industry had lead to 'soft' enforcement and implementation of environmental regulations. The response of Alexandria's industrial firms to the issued environmental regulations was limited to adopting symbolic 'end-of-pipe' environmental protection measures. Progress in environmental management and problems in industries of Alexandria were also investigated.     

沈阳市环保产业现状及发展对策探讨

主要通过对沈阳市环保产业的现状和存在的问题进行了阐述,对沈阳市环保产业如何走向快速、稳定、健康的发展轨道,提出了沈阳市环保产业发展对策。