浙江省农村生态环境的主要问题及其保护对策

浙江是经济大省，农业大省，但长期以来由于经济的压力和各种人为破坏，农村生态环境日益突出，成为制约区域经济可持续发展的重要因素之一，在概述当前浙江省农村生态环境主要问题的基础上，着重分析了导致其恶化的主要原因，并提出了一些具体的对策和建议。     

基于循环经济理念构建我国未来的造纸业

造纸工业是我国制造业中为数不多的朝阳产业,也是污染较为严重的行业。在结合目前国内外造纸业发展现状的基础上,基于循环经济理念,从三个层面上探讨了如何构建我国未来的造纸业,提出了我国未来造纸业可持续发展模式:先组织企业内部的物质循环和能量梯级利用,其次结合自身和周边环境的特点构建有效产业链,同时积极开展废纸资源的回收利用以形成社会层面上的大循环,最终实现造纸业的可持续发展。     

长江口南通地区农村集中式饮用水源水质状况调查

对南通市24座乡镇地表水厂以及199座乡镇地下水厂的水源水质状况进行了调查.结果表明,地表水水源地中有14座水厂达标,其取水量占地表水取水总量62.8%.水体中主要污染物是NH3-N、石油类、Imn.全市乡镇地下水厂饮用水源水质达标水厂为56座,其取水量占地下水取水总量的26.2%.全市地下水中主要污染物为NH3-N、...     

农村乡镇垃圾管理的可持续发展探讨——四川孝儿镇垃圾管理分类成本研究

四川省珙县孝儿镇是国内在农村乡镇率先开展垃圾分类尝试的地区之一。论文采用成本分析法分析2011年四川孝儿镇垃圾管理年度成本的结构和特点,并根据成本分析结果计算垃圾管理的吨成本。分析显示在农村地区开展垃圾管理分类涉及到显性成本和隐性成本,在孝儿镇垃圾分类管理572058元的年度总开支中,显性成本占79％,隐性成本为21％。显性成本包括清运成本、终端处置和管理成本。隐性成本对长期开展垃圾分类有着重要的支持作用,包括监督和支持人力成本、社区能力建设和宣传教育成本。提高分类回收率和就近利用率以及吸引私人资本参与垃圾管理可优化成本,增强垃圾管理的经济可持续性。     

Attitudes toward a primary seat belt law among adults in a rural state with a secondary seat belt law

Problem

Enforced primary seatbelt laws can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with motor-vehicle crashes. Constituent support is an important factor associated with legislator voting behavior toward injury prevention laws. Little is known about attitudes toward a primary seat belt law among adults in rural states without a primary seat belt law.

Methods

Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, a telephone survey of a representative sample of adults in Montana, were used to assess attitudes toward a primary seat belt law.

Results

Sixty-one percent of respondents supported a primary seat belt law. Using multiple logistic regression analyses, women (AOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.49-2.36), persons aged 65 years and older (1.45; 1.06-1.96), American Indians (2.71; 1.55-4.75), those with health insurance (1.51; 1.07-2.14), and those who reported always wearing their seat belt (4.05; 3.14-5.21) were more likely to support a primary seat belt law than respondents without these characteristics.

Conclusions

The majority of adults in a rural state support a primary seat belt law.     

Integrating Strategic Environmental Assessment with Industry Planning: A Case Study of the Pasquai-Porcupine Forest Management Plan,Saskatchewan, Canada

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is gaining widespread recognition as a tool for integrating environmental considerations in policy, plan, and program development and decision-making. Notwithstanding the potential of SEA to improve higher-order decision processes, there has been very little attention given to integrating SEA with industry planning practices. As a result, the benefits of SEA have yet to be fully realized among industrial proponents. That said, SEA practice is ongoing, albeit informally and often under a different label, and is proving to be a valuable tool for industry planning and decision-making. Based on a case study of the Pasquai-Porcupine forest management plan in Saskatchewan, Canada, this paper illustrates how an integrated approach to SEA can contribute to industry environmental decision-making and can enhance the quality and deliverability of industry plans.     

新汶矿业集团发展循环经济的思路和方法

企业是经济发展主体．国家加快推进循环经济的发展．必须落实到企业的行动中。新汶矿业集团适时提出了“煤炭产业集中化、非煤产业集优化、产业发展生态化”的新思路．创新发展模式．改变单一的产业和产品结构．围绕煤炭生产这一主导产业．积极延伸产业链．着力构建“煤、电、化（煤化工、盐化工）、建材”的新型产业格局。着眼于煤炭相关产业的全面升级．大力发展“煤基多元化”产业集群;着眼于资豫型城市的转型．全力构筑“非煤集优化”产业链条;着眼于提升矿井技术创新能力．全面提高矿区煤炭资豫综合利用水平。以四大工业园区为依托．构建特色区域经济．探索出一条煤炭企业发展循环经济的成功之路。     

A perspective on community and state interests in small-scale mining in India including the role of women

To achieve 8% growth of the Indian economy, the industrial sector must grow at 10% rate. The vision statements of various core sectors of the country show that the mining sector will have to expand greatly. India is among the top ten mineral producing nations in the world and the Indian mining industry indicates almost the full range of extractive mineral products. Small-scale mining is quite prevalent in India. Such mines constitute about 90% of total number of mines, 42% of the total non-fuel minerals and metals, 5% of the fuel minerals. Some 3,000 small-scale mines account for a work force of about 0.5 million people. Yet this sector is a neglected sector in Indian economy and still considered as an unorganized sector. This article examines the community and state interests in small-scale mining and the contribution of small-scale mines to employment, national mineral production, practices, and Indian policy on small-scale mining. It identifies drawbacks in the existing Government policy and discusses a possible role for the Government to upgrade the sector. This paper highlights the impacts of mining on women community, the socioeconomic characteristics of women as miners and on the productive roles that women play in mining. It also discusses how the pursuit of sustainable livelihoods, poverty alleviation, indigenous peoples right and gender equity in artesianal and small-scale mining be more effective when these communities are disadvantaged or neglected by government policies. The respective roles of the indigenous people and migrant workers in the social organization of ASM sectors in different parts of the country are discussed. Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

How to “walk the talk”: The perspectives of sector staff on implementation of the rural water supply programme in Uganda

Many countries in sub‐Saharan Africa have adopted similar approaches to tackle the challenges of rural water supply, including community‐based management, community participation and the demand‐responsive approach. These are often combined with nationwide programmes of capacity‐building and decentralization. This paper first shows how Uganda has adopted these approaches in its rural water supply programme. Based on Government documents, we construct an organizational framework that illustrates the overall programme and outlines the roles and responsibilities which actors are expected to fulfil. Second, based on interviews with sector staff and a review of Government documents, the paper examines challenges to successfully “walk the talk”; that is, it provides insight into challenges affecting programme implementation. Among numerous difficulties, two key issues are highlighted: local political interference and the weak capacity of local governments. Concerning local political interference, local planning processes need to be reformed so that local politicians commit more strongly to improving water supply. Regarding local government capacity, the Government department responsible for the programme has established eight regional units that provide support to local governments. This promising strategy, combined with more appropriate engagement and the commitment of local politicians, should help to improve the implementation of the rural water supply programme in Uganda.     

宁波市农村生活污水处理模式研究

对现有农村污水治理方式进行了总结和效果评价。提出了适合宁波地区农村污水治理的4类模式。分别是污废合流的集中模式、分散模式,污废分流的分散模式、过渡模式。分析了模式选择的影响因素,分别是人口规模、集聚模式、地形、地质条件、功能区域,并对目标村庄进行亍相应分类,建立数学模型探讨了集中与分散模式的经济距离以及集中模式下户均投资的控制距离,最后根据研究成果对首批实施的14个行政村25个自然村的生活污水治理模式进行了选择。