信息化机房与网络改造方案设计

工厂信息化总体结构可分为2个网络,1个数据平台,3个层次,可为工厂的高层决策、生产经营管理提供安全可靠的信息化支撑平台,提高企业的综合竞争力,根据实际工程案例详细论述了机房与网络改造方案的设计,对工厂信息化机房的设计具有指导性意义,图1,参3．     

A Comparison of Waste Reduction Practices and the New Environmental Paradigm in Four Southern Chinese Areas

On domestic waste recycling, it was found that source separation of domestic waste in mainland China was supported by 85% of the urban population and about 11–13% of the household waste was recovered and sold by the householders for financial gains. It was also found that the lower income group tended to recover a greater portion of waste, indicating that voluntary waste recovery activities in mainland China were carried out largely due to economic reasons. Thus, the Western type of source separation program in which residents are requested to separate recyclables for the community may not be welcomed in mainland China. In Hong Kong, despite the presence of community waste recovery programs, the recovery of domestic waste is only about 6% and is therefore less than those of the mainland Chinese cities surveyed. On the choice of source separation programs, it was found that Hong Kong people ranked familiarity a more important criterion than convenience. Therefore, the collection frequency of recyclables and time and place for setting out recyclables should be as similar to those of normal waste collection as possible to attract high participation in source separation programs.     

Connecting environmental management and farm household livelihoods: The Rural Environment Protection Scheme in Ireland

This paper presents the relationship between an environmental protection scheme, established in Ireland in 1994 under EU Regulation No. 2078/92, and the livelihoods of Irish farm households. It explores this relationship within the framework of the new policy environment for EU agriculture and rural areas as set out in Agenda 2000. At the centre of this new policy environment is the European model for agriculture, embodying the concept of multifunctionality, which recognizes the pivotal position of an evolving agricultural sector in enhancing the viability of rural areas through broadening the assets of farm families. Research undertaken with farm households in the west of Ireland indicates a positive relationship between the Rural Environmental Protection Scheme and the economic and natural assets upon which they build their livelihoods. The case of a small-scale dairy farm household is presented, showing clearly the positive impact of the scheme, while also highlighting the vulnerability of these improvements. A major challenge facing policy-makers is the extent to which acceptable levels of income and an enhanced natural environment on such farms can be sustained. The position of advisory and research institutions in strengthening human capacities on farms is highlighted and their enhanced role is suggested in order to give meaning to multifunctional and sustainable agriculture within the context of rural area viability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mapping radioactivity in groundwater to identify elevated exposure in remote and rural communities

A survey of radioactivity in groundwater (110 sites) was conducted as a precursor to providing a baseline of radiation exposure in rural and remote communities in Queensland, Australia, that may be impacted upon by exposure pathways associated with the supply, treatment, use and wastewater treatment of the resource. Radionuclides in groundwater, including ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²²²Rn, ²²⁸Ra, ²²⁴Ra and ⁴⁰K were measured and found to contain activity concentration levels of up to 0.71 BqL⁻¹, 0.96 BqL⁻¹, 108 BqL⁻¹, 2.8 BqL⁻¹, 0.11 BqL⁻¹ and 0.19 BqL⁻¹ respectively. Activity concentration results were classified by aquifer lithology, showing correlation between increased radium isotope concentration and basic volcanic host rock. The groundwater survey and mapping results were further assessed using an investigation assessment tool to identify seven remote or rural communities that may require additional radiation dose assessment beyond that attributed to ingestion of potable water.     

化工园区规划环评中应重点关注的问题分析——以新疆吐鲁番市沈宏化工园区为例

化工园区开发建设项目具有建设内容复杂、建设范围大、建设周期长等特点,且不确定性强,产生污染物种类多、数量大,对周边区域的环境影响复杂,其规划环境影响评价应主要依据《开发区区域环境影响评价技术导则》编制。根据化工园区开发项目的环境影响特点,选址、功能区布局、产业规划及可持续发展能力分析作为化工园区规划环评中重点关注的问题,并给予重点评价。     

资源型城市产业协同机会和能力评价研究

我国资源型城市在建设过程中为国家发展提供了大量的能源和原材料,但随着资源的耗费和受经济体制改革等因素的影响,资源型城市的发展遇到了前所未有的挑战.关注资源型城市的产业协同发展可以为资源型城市的可持续发展提供有益的借鉴.但如何发现并开展资源型城市产业协同项目尚缺乏有效的方法和途径.本文在重点关注开展产业协同影响要素的基础上,借鉴澳大利亚奎纳纳地区的产业协同实践和产业协同能力评价模型,通过国外产业协同机会确认模型的介绍,结合澳大利亚奎纳纳地区的三个产韭协同实践案例,分别介绍伴生产品协同和基本生产资料协同两种产业协同的主要实现方式.通过产业协同实现地区和产业的可持续发展.其主要的影响因素包括可行的技术、可靠的企业和运行许可.这些模型运用到实践均可促进我国资源型城市的良好发展.     

Compound specific carbon and hydrogen stable isotope analyses of volatile organic compounds in various emissions of combustion processes

This study presents carbon (δ¹³C) and hydrogen (δD) isotope values of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various emission sources using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TD-GC-irMS). The investigated VOCs ranged from C6 to C10. Samples were taken from (i) car exhaust emissions as well as from plant combustion experiments of (ii) various C3 and (iii) various C4 plants. We found significant differences in δ values of analysed VOCs between these sources, e.g. δ¹³C of benzene ranged between (i) −21.7 ± 0.2‰, (ii) −27.6 ± 1.6‰ and (iii) −16.3 ± 2.2‰, respectively and δD of benzene ranged between (i) −73 ± 13‰, (ii) −111 ± 10‰ and (iii) −70 ± 24‰, respectively. Results of VOCs present in investigated emission sources were compared to values from the literature (aluminium refinery emission). All source groups could be clearly distinguished using the dual approach of δ¹³C and δD analysis. The results of this study indicate that the correlation of compound specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis provides the potential for future research to trace the fate and to determine the origin of VOCs in the atmosphere using thermal desorption compound specific isotope analysis.     

有关化工石化建设项目环境风险评价技术评估的探讨

根据国家化工石化行业建设项目加强环境风险评价的主要规定,结合化工石化行业建设项目特点及环境影响技术评估,反思化工石化项目评价及评估工作,重点从环境风险评价方面,对进一步完善环境风险评价与防范的后评估,从严建设项目技术评估与环境管理等进行了初步探讨,目的是为建设项目环境影响技术评估和环境管理提供参考。     

调整沈阳市产业布局改善环境质量的探讨

论述了沈阳市城市产业布局和环境污染的关系,提出了新的空间发展的战略是城市发展的必然选择,并对重新规划出西部的沈西工业走廊、南部的大浑南地区、北部的沈北地区和东部的棋盘山旅游度假区四大发展空间的环境保护准入进行了探讨。     

农村面源污染控制信息不对称对策研究

对农村面源污染控制中信息不对称性问题的表现形式和危害进行了探讨,提出了面源污染控制座谈会的解决方式,并对其进行了深入探讨。经过实践的检验,证明面源污染控制座谈会是一个适合我国农村面源污染控制实际的科学有效的管理方法,具有在相似的农村地区进行推广的价值。