Understanding the patterns and characteristics of Natech events in China

With the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, natural hazard triggered technological accident (Natech) risk has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry. Natech events have the characteristics of various inducements and consequences, cascading chain reactions, and complex spatial interleaving, which leads to serious consequences. The Natech event is constantly threatening China's industrial safety production. However, the systematic analysis of Natech events in China is still lacking. The study counted 288 cases in the past 20 years and constructed Natech databases. Based on the theory of risk chain and risk system, a systematic horizontal and vertical analysis was developed for the first time. It aims to understand the characteristics of Natech events in terms of temporal and spatial, hazard factors, industry and risk material, consequences and hazard. In the results, Natech events showed a fluctuating trend. The southwest region (28.13%) and the middle Yellow River region (21.18%) belong to the critical control areas. China's industries were seriously affected by the disasters of meteorological (43.75%) and secondary, especially in the Chemical & Petrochemical and manufacturing. 64.58% of Natech events caused environmental pollution, and 13.19% of Natech events caused major or above consequences. Oil (31.25%) and hazardous chemicals (28.47%) were the main substances causing pollution, fire and explosion, which need to be controlled. The research preliminarily clarifies the risk chain and characteristics of Natech events, which provided the basis for Natech risk assessment.     

农村环境污染问题的分析及防治措施

本文主要阐述了目前农村环境存在的污染问题及其所带来的后果,分析了环境污染问题存在的原因,针对存在的问题,提出了农村环境防治的措施,指在为农村环境保护工作提供参考,为社会主义新农村建设提供一定的理论论据。     

我国水泥行业发展存在的问题及环保对策建议

为促进水泥行业健康有序发展,通过对水泥行业发展现状进行总结,归纳了该行业存在的主要问题,提出了推进规划环评、加大监管力度、加快淘汰落后、全面推动烟气脱硝、鼓励水泥窑协同处置和加强矿山生态恢复等方面的建议。     

采掘行业环境影响评价制度存在问题的探讨

环境影响评价是环境管理的重要组成部分,为我国的环境管理决策提供重要依据。但在实际工作中,我国的环境管理工作仍然存在一定的问题。本文结合采掘行业的特点,分别从法律层面、设计层面和环境影响评价层面等三个方向进行分析,结合发现的问题提出建议,力求从不同的角度完善相关制度和技术要求。从而使采掘行业的环境管理能全面涵盖采掘行业开发过程,最大程度地减少采掘行业开发过程中的环境影响,完善采掘行业环境影响评价制度,对我国采掘行业生态环境的改善及环境影响评价法制建设起到一定的借鉴意义。     

硼化工企业环境污染与防治对策剖析

硼化工企业由于其产生含硼酸等偏酸性污水和显酸性的废渣,对厂区周边的植被和农田的土壤等形成污染,其结果使生态环境难以恢复。通过文献调研、现场考察、专家讨论,结合环境监测部门的现场土壤等采样并对该行业污染成因进行了分析,结果表明该类污水对环境污染的严重性,并提出对该污染的防治对策,采用提出的治理工艺在污染现场对土壤实施修复使污染土地得到恢复。     

武汉市道路交通业CO_2排放与减排潜力分析

为了促进武汉市低碳经济发展,减少交通出行带来的碳排放压力,核算了武汉市道路交通出行的CO2排放量,并采用低度、中度和强化3种减排情景模式对武汉道路交通出行的碳减排潜力进行了测算,计算出了不同情景下武汉市道路交通出行的碳减排强度。结果表明,2005年以来道路交通业CO2排放总量呈显著增长趋势。私家轿车的CO2排放量增加速度最快,大货车的CO2排放量在各类交通工具排放量中占比最大,公交车和出租车的CO2排放量所占比例较小。对3种不同情景的模拟结果表明,在低度减排情景减排效果有限,强化低碳情景下才能达到减排效果。建议采取以下减排措施:改进基础设施,创建良好的出行环境;推进技术创新,降低机动车能耗污染;提升公民素质,加大碳减排的宣传力度;优化道路运输的能效和经营效率管理等。     

日光型厌氧好氧一体化技术处理滨海农村污水

对日光型厌氧好氧一体化技术处理农村生活污水的效能进行了应用研究。系统的处理量为89t/d,HRT为1.8 d,水解酸化段水力负荷为0.78 m3/(m3·d),接触氧化段水力负荷4.24 m3/(m3·d),稳定运行6个月结果表明:该工艺对CODcr、NH3-N 、TP和SS的去除率分别为73.2%、49.5%、56.1%和79.3%,出水 CODcr、NH3-N、TP、SS的平均浓度分别在60.3 mg/L、20.4 mg/L、2.7 mg/L、26.7 mg/L以下出水水质达到GB18918-2002要求。     

哈尔滨市节能环保产业发展现状及对策

在国家大力推行节能减排的形势下,哈尔滨市节能环保产业规模日益壮大,总体水平有所提升,但还存在产业结构不完善、产业规模小、技术水平不高、资金投入不足等问题。就目前国家形势和市场环境来看,节能环保产业未来发展前景良好。在发展对策上,建议制定产业规划,开拓融资渠道,制定税收优惠政策,提高企业技术水平,发挥大型企业的带动、支撑作用,加大对节能环保产业的扶持力度,使其逐步成为哈尔滨市支柱产业。     

关于加强餐饮业的环境管理

通过对建华区餐饮业现状及存在问题的调查,从对餐饮业的监督管理、实施行政干预、加强排污收费力度、提高业主的环保意识、提高管理效力、强化执法力度、加强污染治理等方面提出了加强餐饮业环境管理的建议,指出加强城区餐饮业的环境监督管理已成为城市建设的重要组成部分。     

Regional economic impacts of Grand Canyon river runners

Economic impact analysis (EIA) of outdoor recreation can provide critical social information concerning the utilization of natural resources. Outdoor recreation and other non-consumptive uses of resources are viewed as environmentally friendly alternatives to extractive-type industries. While outdoor recreation can be an appropriate use of resources, it generates both beneficial and adverse socioeconomic impacts on rural communities. The authors used EIA to assess the regional economic impacts of rafting in Grand Canyon National Park. The Grand Canyon region of northern Arizona represents a rural US economy that is highly dependent upon tourism and recreational expenditures. The purpose of this research is twofold. The first is to ascertain the previously unknown regional economic impacts of Grand Canyon river runners. The second purpose is to examine attributes of these economic impacts in terms of regional multipliers, leakage, and types of employment created. Most of the literature on economic impacts of outdoor recreation has focused strictly on the positive economic impacts, failing to illuminate the coinciding adverse and constraining economic impacts. Examining the attributes of economic impacts can highlight deficiencies and constraints that limit the economic benefits of recreation and tourism. Regional expenditure information was obtained by surveying non-commercial boaters and commercial outfitters. The authors used IMPLAN input-output modeling to assess direct, indirect, and induced effects of Grand Canyon river runners. Multipliers were calculated for output, employment, and income. Over 22,000 people rafted on the Colorado River through Grand Canyon National Park in 2001, resulting in an estimated $21,100,000 of regional expenditures to the greater Grand Canyon economy. However, over 50% of all rafting-related expenditures were not captured by the regional economy and many of the jobs created by the rafting industry are lower-wage and seasonal. Policy recommendations are given for increasing the regional retention of rafting expenditures and for understanding both the beneficial and adverse impacts that accompany outdoor recreation in rural areas.