油烟净化器的研制

研制的油烟净化器具有设计新、除油率高、组合模块、易安装维护、占地面积小、重量轻等特点,采用单片机控制整机电路,具备多种保护,运行智能化,具有广泛的推广应用价值。     

富阳市昌东村生态农业建设

对昌东村生态农业建设和自然资源保护情况进行了总结,并对其取得的成效进行了分析。结果表明,生态村建设是农村经济可持续发展必由之路,昌东经验对亚热带丘陵地区发展农村经济有一定指导意义。     

Do developmental initiatives influence local attitudes toward conservation? A case study from the Kalakad–Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve,India

We evaluated the conservation attitudes of the local villagers living adjacent to the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in southern India 6 years after implementation of a World Bank funded eco-development project. We assessed attitudes towards three facets of conservation: the tiger, an emblematic species signifying India's commitment to wildlife conservation; the forest, a principle source of fuel-wood and other products; and the Forest Department, which manages the forest. More specifically we predicted that (i) attitudes would be an effective predictor of resource use interest in the forest and (ii) benefits obtained from the EDP would create more favorable attitudes towards conservation and the protected area employees. Twelve villages located within 3 km from the reserve boundary were chosen and 2-3% of the households interviewed with regard to their attitudes towards these three facets of conservation, their household resource use patterns, wealth, sex, age and length of residency. We found significant associations between wealth, sex, age and both tiger and forest conservation. Providing benefits has not changed the underlying attitudes of the communities. The poorer sections of society, whether receiving benefits or not, tended to support tiger conservation because conserving wildlife did not affect their livelihood in any way, whereas both the rich and poor had misgivings about forest conservation due to dependency on forest products. We conclude that the eco-development project has not effectively addressed the most important of the local concerns.     

乡村工业的绿色转型及可持续发展研究——以南京市D村为例

绿色发展是乡村振兴的必由之路.通过对南京市D村的实地调查,发现政府主导的转型模式在推动村庄绿色发展的同时,存在村庄内生动力不足、内部利益分化以及产业市场竞争力较弱等风险,制约着村庄可持续发展.基于此提出,政府在开发与建设过程中要充分保障村民主体性的发挥,同时注重提高产业的市场竞争力.     

Planetary Stewardship in an Urbanizing World: Beyond City Limits

Cities are rapidly increasing in importance as a major factor shaping the Earth system, and therefore, must take corresponding responsibility. With currently over half the world’s population, cities are supported by resources originating from primarily rural regions often located around the world far distant from the urban loci of use. The sustainability of a city can no longer be considered in isolation from the sustainability of human and natural resources it uses from proximal or distant regions, or the combined resource use and impacts of cities globally. The world’s multiple and complex environmental and social challenges require interconnected solutions and coordinated governance approaches to planetary stewardship. We suggest that a key component of planetary stewardship is a global system of cities that develop sustainable processes and policies in concert with its non-urban areas. The potential for cities to cooperate as a system and with rural connectivity could increase their capacity to effect change and foster stewardship at the planetary scale and also increase their resource security.     

日本第四次修订《食品、农业和农村基本法》及启示

日本政府2015年推出了《食品、农业和农村基本法》的第四次修订,以保证粮食供应和食品安全;推动集约化农业经营,保障农业收入稳定;推动农产品出口和农业技术创新;改善补贴政策,稳定农村人口作为下一阶段日本兴农政策的核心内容。我国农业发展面临许多与日本相似的问题,如农业经营规模小、效率低,务农收入低、人口显著减少等。在我国城镇化和农村劳动力老年化加速的背景下,分析和借鉴日本最新的兴农政策,提出对我国农业政策的若干启示:1以我国近期最新颁布的《食品安全法》和农药残留、化肥实施等国家标准的落实、健全为法制保障基础,推进农业标准化生产和规范化经营管理、建立食品生产全程可追溯机制、加强省县乡三级农产品和食品监测检验能力建设,以尽快提升我国食品安全水平;以培育需求和引导兴趣、技术支持、市场协助建设为手段,激励农户和消费者自主投入生态农业发展。2重点完善国家层面的发展战略统筹和政治、经贸、投资谈判支持,依靠政府的强力支持推动已起步的"一带一路"食品与农业投资发展势头,以壮大我国农产食品出口和农业海外发展。3近期以加强土地流转监管法律政策和财政金融配套扶持政策的建设为主,使支持力度集中于土地实际经营者,以有效提升新型规模化农业经营主体的数量和质量。4将农业补贴由集中于农业生产补贴向兼顾农户收入保障和生态保护、农业发展转移,将农户收入保障形式由财政补贴向保险保障转变,以求农业补贴和保险更高效、长久地兼顾农户收入保障和支持引领农业发展。     

Health and Environmental Implications of Rural Female Entrepreneurship Practices in Osun State Nigeria

In rural Nigeria, food processing is mostly engaged in by women and children. Most of these processes are done using outdated technologies that make use of traditional woodstoves. This article presents the health and environmental implications of the rural female entrepreneurs involved in food processing and proffer means of bettering the lot of these women to handle these hazards. A partially structured questionnaire and focus group discussion was used to capture data from respondents. The study revealed that about 73 % of women involved in direct production of garri and palm oil processing could be at risk of early death or disability-adjusted life years from the mentioned diseases. The article concludes that the rural female entrepreneur needs to be better positioned to handle these hazards, for her health, that of her children, as well as for the environment.     

人工湿地硝化与反硝化细菌分布研究

试验通过考察水生蔬菜型垂直潜流湿地中硝化细菌、反硝化细菌的数量和分布情况．得出在现工艺的人工湿地中,硝化菌和反硝化菌满足一定的分布规律。硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量的不同分布特点使人工湿地中形成上、下分层的硝化与反硝化活性区域。     

水生蔬菜型人工湿地技术净化农村生活污水的试验研究

通过构筑4个不同类型的湿地,筛选出了适用于“厌氧-跌水充氧接触氧化-水生蔬菜型人工湿地”组合工艺中的最佳人工湿地形式进行了试验．试验结果表明处理效果最佳的湿地形式为茭白＋煤渣＋复合潜流。考虑到经济因素,实际应用时也可以采用空心菜替代茭白．也能满足处理效果要求．     

三级串联人工生态湿地对农村污水的处理效果

通过设置三级串联人工生态湿地,对农村生活污水的处理效果进行监测和研究。结果表明,三级串联人工生态湿地对农村生活污水效果较好,出水COD、SS、氨氮、TN、TP平均值分别为12mg／L、13mg／L、1．24mg／L、3．32mg／L、0．43mg／L,平均削减率分别为58．11％、57．13％、82．87％、65．77％、59．92％,出水水质达到《城市污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918－2002）的二级标准。