三级串联人工生态湿地对农村污水的处理效果

通过设置三级串联人工生态湿地,对农村生活污水的处理效果进行监测和研究。结果表明,三级串联人工生态湿地对农村生活污水效果较好,出水COD、SS、氨氮、TN、TP平均值分别为12mg／L、13mg／L、1．24mg／L、3．32mg／L、0．43mg／L,平均削减率分别为58．11％、57．13％、82．87％、65．77％、59．92％,出水水质达到《城市污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918－2002）的二级标准。     

安徽省淮河以北、江淮之间和长江以南地区农村环境质量综合评价

对2018和2019年安徽省淮河以北、江淮之间和长江以南地区的农村环境质量进行综合评价与差异性分析。结果表明,淮河以北、江淮之间和长江以南地区的农村环境、生态及环境质量综合状况均以优良为主,无较差和差的等级,江淮之间和长江以南地区均优于淮河以北地区。提出,在今后经济和社会发展过程中,安徽省淮河以北地区应重视农村环境和生态保护工作,重点提高环境空气质量、饮用水水源地和地表水水质状况。     

农村环境质量评价方法研究——以江苏省泰州市姜堰沈高镇河横村为例

制定针对性强的农村环境质量指标体系与技术方法,对于加强农村环境管理、保护和改善农村环境质量十分迫切。通过对典型区河横村环境质量的研究,提出农村环境质量指数,用以表征和评价农村环境质量,并提出了农村环境监测的布点及监测指标的选择原则。     

The landscape design of forestry

The value placed by the public on the nation's rural landscapes is emphasised by vociferous criticism of insensitive, large‐scale afforestation. As forestry causes massive changes in the landscape in the short term, with results that last for decades, the opportunity provided to improve and conserve should be positively grasped. There is evidence that concensus exists over a considerable part of landscape and design, and this paper explores some of the major factors in landscape design which are consistently important in forest landscapes.     

鄱阳湖区能源消费及其对生态环境的影响

分析鄱阳湖区农村能源消费现状及其对生态环境的影响，指出：鄱阳湖区目前乃至今后相当长一段时间内仍将面临能源短缺危机，必须采取有效措施才能促进湖区农村经济发展，改善农业生态环境     

沙县农村环境污染现状与对策

分析了沙县农业生态环境污染和乡镇工业污染的现状，提出了加强乡镇工农业污染防治及管理的对策与措施。     

生态塘处理农村生活污水的效果分析

通过浮床技术在稳定塘水面种植生态植物加强稳定塘的处理效果而建立生态塘.试验中得出该生态塘对高浓度生活污水具有很好的处理效果,其对CODCr,NH4 -N,TN和TP均能体现出较高的去徐水平,去除率可分别达到55%,70%,80%和75%以上,即使在梅雨季节,水力停留时间大大缩短时亦能取得很好的处理效果,在农村地区较为适用.     

Association between driver and child passenger restraint: Analysis of community-based observational survey data from 2005 to 2019

Introduction: Crash data suggest an association between driver seatbelt use and child passenger restraint. However, community-based restraint use is largely unknown. We examined the association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint using data from a state-wide observational study. Methods: Data from Iowa Child Passenger Restraint Survey, a representative state-wide survey of adult seat belt use and child passenger safety, were analyzed. A total of 44,996 child passengers age 0–17 years were observed from 2005 to 2019. Information about driver seatbelt use and child restraint was directly observed by surveyors and driver age was reported. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint adjusting for vehicle type, community size, child seating position, child passenger age, and year. Results: Over the 15-year study period, 4,114 (9.1%) drivers were unbelted, 3,692 (8.2%) children were completely unrestrained, and another 1,601 (3.6%) children were improperly restrained (analyzed as unrestrained). About half of unbelted drivers had their child passengers unrestrained (51.8%), while nearly all belted drivers had their child passengers properly restrained (92.3%). Compared with belted drivers, unbelted drivers had an 11-fold increased odds of driving an unrestrained child passenger (OR = 11.19, 95%CI = 10.36, 12.09). The association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint was much stronger among teenage drivers. Unbelted teenage drivers were 33-fold more likely (OR = 33.34, 95%CI = 21.11, 52.64) to have an unrestrained child passenger. Conclusion: These data suggest that efforts to increase driver seatbelt use may also have the added benefit of increasing child restraint use. Practical applications: Enforcement of child passenger laws and existing education programs for new drivers could be leveraged to increase awareness of the benefits of seatbelt use for both drivers themselves and their occupants. Interventions aimed at rural parents could emphasize the importance of child safety restraints.     

Contemporary Western Rural USA Economic Composition: Potential Implications for Environmental Policy and Research

/ The rural West of the United States is considered strongly antienvironment. The traditional economic reliance of the area on natural resources has long explained this antienvironment stance. The region consistently elects federal officials who as a group consistently vote against environmental bills and seek to undo existing federal environmental regulation. These politicians defend their antienvironment actions based on their perception of the economic composition and interests of the region. Recent studies, however, have suggested that rural residents are increasingly concerned about environmental issues. These studies, however, lack a consistent theoretical basis. This article uses an alternative economic typing system to examine the economic composition of rural Idaho and suggests that the results found using the alternative typing system might provide a theoretical basis to explain why some studies are finding increased rural environmental support. The results show that rural Idaho is much more economically diverse using this alternative typing methodology compared to the outcomes of traditional USDA economic methodologies. The policy and research implications of these findings are examined.KEY WORDS: Rural; Environmental policy; Economic composition