企业低碳制造战略分类研究:以水泥企业为例

随着气候变化加剧,低碳发展已成为政府和学者关注的重要议题。降低工业碳排放成为实现我国经济可持续发展的当务之急。低碳制造战略是工业企业实现战略转型、应对碳排放约束和提升市场竞争力的可行策略之一,但企业低碳制造战略的研究正处于起步阶段,还缺乏低碳制造战略类型的认识。为此,本文在拓展企业制造战略竞争优先权结构要素的基础上,增加能源利用率和单位产品二氧化碳排放量为竞争优先权结构要素,构建低碳制造战略竞争优先权分类指标,由此探索企业低碳制造战略类型。本文以国内22个省(自治区、直辖市)所辖的137家水泥企业为研究对象,运用聚类分析方法,识别企业低碳制造战略的类型,结果表明:企业低碳制造战略可划分为三种类型,分别是设计者、看守者和低碳践行者。研究结果不仅有助于深入了解水泥企业低碳制造战略特点,为我国水泥企业低碳制造战略制定和实施提供决策依据,而且其理论成果也可推广至其他高耗能产业,创新引导企业有效实施基于产品全生命周期的企业低碳制造战略。     

气田企业天然气产品节能量计算方法探讨

研究比较现有国内外节能量计算方法,遵循国家标准中节能量计算的基本原则,按照能量物流平衡原理,考虑气田产量自然递减等因素对气田企业综合能耗的影响,对国家标准中的企业产品节能量计算公式进行修正,建立了符合气田生产特点和气田节能实际的气田企业天然气产品节能量计算公式。     

生态农业发展与小城镇建设

以3家生态村为例说明乡镇企业在生态农业产值中占据主导地位。通过对乡镇企业的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益以及小城镇发展的优越性分析可知，乡镇企业不宜在农村发展，应该在小城镇中发展，农村生态建设要立足农业，通过减少土地的人口承载量，提高劳动生产率和增加农民收入。     

石油化工企业定量风险评价程序探讨

介绍了定量风险评价的风险可接受准则和石油化工企业定量风险评价的一般程序。基本程序主要包括准备、资料数据收集、危险辨识、失效频率分析、失效后果分析、风险计算、风险评价及建议和风险评价报告和结论。此外,提出了评价过程中应注意的事项。     

基于灰色关联分析的杭州市造纸企业环境资源量化评价实证研究

根据杭州市2013年环境统计年鉴相关数据,以发展经济学理论为指导,建立杭州市造纸企业环境资源量化评价指标体系,利用灰色关联分析方法对杭州市216家企业的环境资源综合情况进行排序,并根据排序结果进行讨论分析,为相关决策部门提供参考.通过研究得出,杭州市造纸企业按照评价体系分为三档类型进行管理.第一档企业为先进企业,优先支持;第二档为一般企业,主要是整治提升;第三档为落后企业,关停淘汰.     

河北省火电企业吨煤烟气排放量测定及污染动态预测

火电企业大气污染动态预测是大气污染控制的基础。采用现场实测法,对河北省36家火电企业101台机组锅炉进行现场监测,经统计分析给出不同装机容量吨煤烟气排放量,并与其他方法进行了比较,发现实测结果更为合理。在此基础上,建立吨煤SO₂、NO_x,烟尘排放量和烟气浓度的关系,为火电企业大气污染动态预测提供新的公式,对定量测定火电企业污染物排放提供参考。     

Occupational injury rates among Norwegian farmers: A sociotechnical perspective

Introduction: This study addressed relative injury risk among Norwegian farmers, who are mostly self-employed and run small farm enterprises. The aim was to explore the relative importance of individual, enterprise, and work environment risks for occupational injury and to discuss the latent conditions for injuries using sociotechnical system theory. Method: Injury report and risk factors were collected through a survey among Norwegian farm owners in November 2012. The response rate was 40% (n = 2,967). Annual work hours were used to calculate injury rates within groups. Poisson regression using the log of hours worked as the offset variable allowed for the modeling of adjusted rate ratios for variables predictive of injury risk. Finally, safety climate measures were introduced to assess potential moderating effects on risk. Results: Results showed that the most important risk factors for injuries were the design of the workplace, type of production, and off-farm work hours. The main results remained unchanged when adding safety climate measures, but the measures moderated the injury risk for categories of predominant production and increased the risk for farmers working with family members and/or employees. An overall finding is how the risk factors were interrelated. Conclusions: The study identified large structural diversities within and between groups of farmers. The study drew attention to operating conditions rather than individual characteristics. The farmer’s role (managerial responsibility) versus regulation and safety climate is important for discussions of injury risk. Practical Applications: We need to study sub-groups to understand how regulation and structural changes affect work conditions and management within different work systems, conditioned by production. It is important to encourage actors in the political-economic system to become involved in issues that were found to affect the safety of farmers.     

Private participation in isolated grids in Mozambique

This article presents a case study from Mozambique of the electrification of two selected towns under a World Bank financed project. Low-cost electricity services were extended to the two isolated areas after an enabling framework had been created for private sector participation. The World Bank project also demonstrates that the private sector can be attracted to participate in rural electrification schemes even in a poor country. The example shown in this article is one of the few of its kind in SubSaharan Africa.     

浅论农村生态环境的主要问题及其保护对策

农村环境质量不能得到改善，全国环境质量 难以改善。但长期来由于经济发展的压力和各咎人为破坏，工农业污染和自然损毁退化等，使农村生态环境问题十分突出，已成为区域可持续发展的严重制约因素，。许多贫困地区难以走上小康之路，生态环境经是重要原因之一。该文在概述了我国农村生态环境主要问题的基础上，着重报导致其恶化的主观原因，并提出了一些具体的对策措施。     

农村能源与环境保护

分析中国农村能源的构成、农村用能与生态环境,探讨农村能源的开发利用。