进口废五金类加工利压定点企业管理研究

随着我国进口废物环境管理与政策的完善,进口废五金电器、废电线电缆、废电机定点加工利用企业管理逐步完善,但仍存在行业技术装备水平和管理规范性低等问题。本文详述了定点企业生产布局、生产设备、污染治理设施及管理制度的现状及存在问题,并提出相应的建议,为进1：2废五金类企业的发展提供指导依据。     

工业企业厂界噪声测量问题探讨

围绕现行的GB12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》在厂界噪声测量中测量指标不明确、方法简单、测点位置未细化等问题,通过对增压站、集输站等进行厂界噪声测量,对存在问题进行分析探讨,提出解决这些问题的方法与改进建议。     

Effective interventions on health effects of Chinese rural elderly under heat exposure

● Education and subsidy were effective interventions during short-term heat exposure. ● A new index was defined to evaluate the intervention performance. ● Blood pressure and sleep duration were more heat-sensitive for the elderly. Due to climate change, the heatwave has become a more serious public health threat with aging as an aggravating factor in recent years. There is a pressing need to detect the most effective prevention and response measures. However, the specific health effects of interventions have not been characterized on an individual scale. In this study, an intervention experiment was designed to explore the health effects of heat exposure at the individual level and assess the effects of different interventions based on a comprehensive health sensitivity index (CHSI) in Xinyi, China. Forty-one subjects were recruited randomly, and divided into one control group and three intervention groups. Interventions included education (Educate by lecturing, offering relative materials, and communication), subsidy support (offer subsidy to offset the cost of running air conditioning), and cooling-spray (install a piece of cooling-spray equipment in the yard). Results showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and deep sleep duration (DSD) were significantly affected by short-term heat exposure, and the effects could be alleviated by three types of interventions. The estimated CHSI indicated that the effective days of the education group were longer than other groups, while the lower CHSI of the subsidy group showed lower sensitivity than the control group. These findings provide feasible implementation strategies to optimize Heat-health action plans and evaluate the intervention performance.     

Gender in integrated water management: an analysis of variation

Gender is an important variable in water use, policy, and intervention. This article explores this variation and its policy implications. Concepts are applied in several case studies to draw generic conclusions. Variation is related to the purpose of water use (consumptive or productive) and to the local, culture-specific patterns of the intra-household organization of consumption for family welfare (which includes domestic water provision) and income-generation (for which water is an input, especially in rural areas). For domestic water use, the intra-household sharing of unpaid domestic responsibilities is a key gender issue. Water for productive use, on the other hand, is embedded in the gendered organization of household economic activity, as elaborated for smallholder-irrigated agriculture. In female-managed and dual farming systems, where a high proportion of farm decision-makers are women, irrigation agencies need to better target their support. In male-managed farming systems, however, the majority of women lack their own farm enterprise in which water is an input. Women's access to land, markets and credits besides access to water, is at stake. To conclude, given the strong variation in water use along gender lines, gender analysis is indispensable for any concrete water policy and intervention.     

黑龙江省开展农村环境质量监测的现状分析及几点建议

开展农村环境质量监测已成为国家环境监测的一项重要工作,监测工作正由试点监测逐步过渡到例行监测。本文根据近4年的试点监测数据,介绍了黑龙江省农村环境质量监测情况及质量现状,指出当前监测工作中存在的问题,并为今后全面开展监测提出了有针对性的建议。     

造纸工业废水排放新标准下的小企业生存现状分析

本文课题组通过选择有代表性的某省,走访地方环保部门,深入每家造纸企业,对企业的产品、原料、规模、废水处理工艺及污染防治设施及经济效益等方面数据的收集整理与分析,了解《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544-2008)新标准实施后我国小造纸企业的生存现状和显现的问题,提出了为实现我国小造纸企业持续健康发展的对策和建议。     

企业周边地区土壤重金属环境质量及其影响因素的初探

分别选取化工企业和金属采选与冶炼企业各4家,测定其周边土壤砷、镉、汞、铬和铅5个重金属含量,与其对照点相比,并进行单项和综合污染指数评价。结果表明：化工企业周边土壤无重金属超标点位,未出现累积现象;而在金属企业周边重金属污染物有累积趋势,在4个金属企业周边监测点镉和汞均较对照点高,2个金属企业分别有60％和80％的点位镉轻微超标,1个企业全部监测点位砷轻微超标,这3个企业综合污染评价为轻度污染。相对化工企业而言,金属,台炼企业重金属污染防治更加重要。土壤中重金属含量受自然成土因素影响,同时也受企业排放污染物类别和排放量等人为因素的影响。     

农民工参加工伤保险的影响因素研究——基于政策和企业视角的实证分析

为了解我国农民工参加工伤保险的影响因素,提高农民工工伤保险的参保率,通过对全国9个省市共3 848名农民工的问卷调查,应用Logistic回归模型分析政策的因素和企业的因素对农民工参加工伤保险的影响。结果表明,农民工是否参加工伤保险受到各地工伤保险政策以及农民工所在企业两方面的影响。从政策的角度看,个体工商户参加工伤保险的规定、工伤保险基金的统筹水平以及工伤保险的偿付方式对农民工参加工伤保险有显著影响;从企业的角度看,农民工所在企业是否建有工会、企业所有制对农民工参加工伤保险有显著影响。建议各地进一步明确工伤保险政策中对个体工商户的参保要求,继续提高工伤保险基金的统筹水平,增加农民工领取工伤保险偿付的方式。建议劳动保障部门加强对未建有工会的企业,加强对私企,特别是个体工商户的监察力度。     

企业安全生产风险处置量测模型的建立与应用

为了更好地保障企业安全生产,基于降低风险对提高安全生产的重要性,探讨评价及衡量风险处置计划有效性的方法,提出风险处置量测模型.该模型分析风险值大小、控制措施是否能够在预期时间内完成,风险处置计划的执行能否达到预期目标,风险处置计划中的控制措施是否容易在该企业实施4个方面的情况,经过逐层量化计算,由紧迫程度和适用程度最终...     

危险化学品企业外部安全防护距离监管存在问题及对策

国内外许多重大事故教训表明要危险化学品企业必须与外部脆弱性目标之间设置合理的安全防护距离。目前在危险化学品企业外部安全防护距离的监管过程中存在许多问题,如缺乏上位法的支撑,未纳入城市规划控制程序,缺乏专门的安全防护距离标准,事故隐患企业搬迁难,以及公众参与不足等。造成这些问题的原因有城市发展的压力,政府监管的缺失,部分企业盲目扩建、改造,周边区域违规开发建设。危险化学品企业的外部安全防护距离问题涉及到危险化学品企业、周边开发单位、公众以及政府四个主要利益相关方,目前所遇到的问题是土地资源在城市经济社会快速发展与公众安全需求提高之间矛盾下的必然结果。在立足国情借鉴国外做法的基础上,本文提出一些综合性策略和针对新建项目和现有企业的措施建议,目前解决危险化学品企业安全防护距离问题解决的关键是将危险化学品企业及其周边区域的土地利用规划的安全控制纳入城市规划许可程序中,以及利益相关方之间相互协调机制的建立。