Elements of an SEA framework— improving the added-value of SEA

Debate across the impact assessment community has been significantly influenced by the emergence of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in the past few years. Although there are still difficulties regarding the understanding of its nature and technicalities, the need for it was acknowledged, and practice is taking place in diverse forms. Such diversity of approaches to SEA, while enriching debate, are critically confusing the relationship of SEA with other planning and impact assessment tools. In this paper it is argued that the value of SEA is a function of the extent it influences, and adds value, to decision making. Following that rationale, the paper suggests that SEA should be conceptualized as a framework, defined by core elements, that are incrementally integrated into policy and planning procedures and practices, whatever decision-making system in place. It is believed that in this way SEA may better satisfy one of its acknowledged aims and benefits, which is to help achieve sustainable development by changing the way decisions are made.     

环境影响评价研究的发展方向

综述了环境影响评价理论的发展历程及当前环境影响评价的发展方向,包括发展清洁生产战略、完善公众参与机制、推进生态建设项目环评、做好环境风险评价和规划环评、完善战略环境评价理论和制度等几方面的研究进展.     

Strategic Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programs: A Methodology for Estimating Effects on Biodiversity

We developed a methodology for biodiversity evaluations within the process of Strategic Environmental Assessment and we applied it to the estimation of the effect of two Regional Plans of Development on all bird species inhabiting the Castilla y León region (northwestern Spain). The methodology is based on the evaluation of the effects of main development actions on the habitat requirements of species. From these evaluations, and from data on the current distribution and population size (number of individuals) of each species, we estimated the most likely pattern of distribution and population size after the full implementation of the plans for each species. The impacts of the plans were quantified as the differences between the pre- and postproject patterns after codifying them to compensate for differences in the quality of the information available among species. Overall, we conclude that the proposed methodology fulfills the requirements for its use within the SEA process as it allows for the assessment of cumulative impacts on every species, highlighting the development directions and the habitat types with major impacts, and ascertaining whether impacts affect species with either low or high conservation and/or economic value. Generalization of the proposed methodology to other regions or species will require wildlife-habitat models adequate for SEA analyses, so that we also propose guidelines for the development and validation of these models.     

区域环评是EIA向SEA的过渡--以沈阳农业高新技术开发区规划环评为例介绍SEA

环境影响评价的发展过程就是人们对环境认识深化的过程。本文对我国环境影响评价的发展进程进行了分析,并以沈阳农业高新技术开发区规划环评为例,简要介绍了规划环评的方法。     

我国开展政策环评的必要性及其基本框架研究

政策环评对决策科学化和民主化具有重要意义，我国2014年修订的《环境保护法》也为开展政策环评提供了一定法律依据。然而，由于我国政治体制和决策模式与西方国家明显不同，政策环评不能照搬国外模式，必须基于自身国情探索中国模式。为此，本文对国际上比较有代表性的政策环评实践进行了总结，对我国开展政策环评的必要性进行了分析，并探讨了我国开展政策环评需要考虑的关键问题，包括政策环评的目的、对象、重点和程序等。具体而言，对于实施政策环评的目的，可表述为健全决策机制、促进环境公平和凝聚社会共识三个方面；对于评价对象，在广义上可包含目前环境影响评价法尚未覆盖的所有高层次决策，在狭义上可将政府部门制定的行政法规、规章和规范性文件等作为重点；对于评价重点，建议整合"以影响为核心"的战略环评和"以制度为核心"的战略环评两种类型的优点，兼顾影响评价和制度评价；对于评价程序，政策环评应基于完全理性决策模式，与政策过程充分融合，在不同阶段分别发挥不同作用。     

经济发展、能源消费与资源环境协调性分析规划环评案例研究

新疆作为国家重要的能源资源战略基地,面临水资源短缺,绿洲生态系统脆弱等多种资源环境制约因素。文章改进经济-能源-资源环境复合系统协调性分析模型,以《新疆维吾尔自治区“十二五”能源发展规划环评》为案例对象,研究新疆2001年-2009年经济发展、能源消费和资源环境的协调性历史演变过程,结合实际数据探讨其发展过程中呈现的特征,预测“十二五”末复合系统的协调度发展趋势,为新疆今后实现协调可持续发展给出对策建议。     

中国区域环境影响评价的发展

我国区域环境影响评价的发展，根据其理论方法研究和环境评价管理的进程，可分为提出、探索和开展３个阶段，并具有理论方法研究和环境评价管理建设密切配合，着重于规划控制技术和顺应发展中国家经济发展对环境管理的需要等发展特点。     

城市化进程中战略环境评价的生态学理论基础

城市是一个自然-经济-社会复合生态系统，本文阐述了开展城市化进程中SEA的必然性及二者之间的关系；以可持续发展为核心的城市生态学理念为开展城市化进程的SEA提供了理论基础，同时城市化进程的SEA又是保证城市复合生态系统中生态与经济协调发展的有效工具之一。     

战略环评中大气环境影响评价技术体系研究

基于国内外战略环评的研究进展,调研了国内战略环评、规划环评等研究取得的成果,分析了当前战略环评中大气环境影响评价研究中存在的问题,最终提出了一套大气战略环境评价技术体系,并对大气战略环评的研究方法做了明确要求,从而为环境管理者进行科学、有效的决策提供技术支持。     

吉林省可再生能源战略环境评价指标体系的建立

本文依据“可再生能源法”和与吉林省可再生能源发展相关的政策、规划,提出了在进行可再生能源战略评价时评价指标建立的原则和建立方法以及指标体系权重的确定方法。通过对吉林省可再生能源的发展现状及可再生能源的主要构成情况进行分析,确定了吉林省可再生能源战略环境评价指标体系主要类型,并建立了吉林省可再生能源的战略环境评价指标体系的可选指标集。根据驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应（DPSIR）指标框架,该指标体系主要包括驱动力指标、压力指标、状态指标、影响指标和响应指标,涉及经济、社会、环境指标和能源指标等4种类型。同时本文指出在指标确定过程中必须依据不同地域的特点,充分体现地域性的差别。