环境有机分析中超临界CO2萃取技术研究进展

SFE将是环境有机分析中极具开发和应用前景的新技术。本对其应用现状及其特点进行了综述，认为该领域的分析方法开发与研究．应围绕SFE技术中的基质影响、改性剂添加、即时衍生化、多元参数优化等方面进行．并需考虑以分析方法的总体解决方案。     

2-Chlorophenol oxidation kinetic by photo-assisted Fenton process

Experimental data are presented to test and validate a kinetic model for the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol wastewater by photo-assisted Fenton process. The data showed that this process had produced good effects under acidic conductions. Up to 90% 2-chlorophenol was removed after 90-minute reaction time with H2O2 of 25% CODCr. in, while in UV/H2O2 system ordy 16.8% 2-chlorophenol was removed after one hour treatment. The optimal pH in this reaction occurred between pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. The reaction kinetics for photo-assisted Fenton process experimented in this research was investigated. Kinetic models were proposed for the treatment of 2-chlorophenol wastewater. The reaction was found to follow the 2nd order. The equations of reaction kinetics are as follows:-d[RH]/dt=KRH[RH][H2O2]0exp(-KH2o2t);-d[CODCr]/dt=KCODCr[CODCr][H2O2]0exp(-K′t).The prediction of the models was found to be in a good agreement with experimental results, thus confimfing the proposed reaction mechanism.     

A^2／O生物除磷脱氮活性污泥法运行控制条件

本根据生物除磷脱氨机理．结台国内外研究以及我国天津纪庄子和广州大坦沙等城市污水处理厂的运行经验，综述了A^2／O生物除磷脱氨活性污泥工艺运行控制条件。     

西安地区大气SO2污染对农作物含硫量的影响

通过对西安地区受大气SO2污染和正常的农作物含硫量的测定，了解SO2对农作物的污染状况及程度，为开展环境质量生物学监测和评价提供依据。     

Global warming related carbon dioxide abatement proposals

The relationship between man-made CO2 emission and atmospheric CO2 concentration has been established. The factors that affect CO2 reduction allotment and the impacts on future energy demand and supply were discussed, in order to help energy policy makers both in developed countries and in developing countries for understanding the fundamental constraint on energy sector resulted from global warming related CO2 reduction, and hopefully in finding a common objective starting point to deal with global warming negotiation in energy sector, and to investigate the optimum stabilization goal and process acceptable to all sovereign countries that based on equity and applicability.     

光催化降解有机磷农药废水的可行性

在ＴｉＯ２粉末的存在下，研究光催化降解有机磷农药废水的可行性。结果表明，ＣＯＤｃｒ６５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，有机磷１９．８ｍｇ／Ｌ的有机磷农药废水在３７５Ｗ中压汞灯照射４ｈ，ＣＯＤ去除率为９０％，有机磷将完全转化为无机磷。同时还研究了光催化剂ＴｉＯ２的用量，反应液初始ｐＨ值，空气流量，外加Ｆｅ３＋浓度等多种因素对光降解的影响；并利用太阳聚光做了室外实验     

纳米TiO_2-CS微球光催化降解亚甲基兰的研究

将用化学方法改性后的纳米TiO2与壳聚糖(CS)共混,通过反相悬浮、交联制备了纳米TiO2-CS微球光催化剂,以亚甲基兰为对象,紫外灯为光源,研究了亚甲基兰的初始浓度、光照时间、不同pH值、纳米TiO2的含量、催化剂用量对亚甲基兰光降解率的影响。结果表明:纳米TiO2-CS微球能显著地降解亚甲基兰,且易于回收、能重复使用,为其实际应用提供了有价值的参数。     

无排泥条件下HRT对膜生物反应器硝化性能的影响及其生物群落结构分析

以无机氨氮废水(NH+4 N,500mg·L-1)为处理对象,在不排泥条件下逐渐缩短膜生物反应器的水力停留时间(HRT,30h～5h),连续运行260d.在反应器内的氨氮容积负荷和污泥负荷分别为1 2kg·(d·L)-1和2 13kg·kg-1·d-1时,氨氮去除率达98 2%以上.当HRT减少至7h时开始出现NH+4 N和NO-2 N的积累.尽管反应器内MLSS随着运行时间的延长在逐步上升,氨氧化菌(AOB)和亚硝酸氧化菌(NOB)的数量分别从HRT10h和15h起开始下降.16SrDNA聚合酶链式反应结合变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR DGGE)的分析发现反应器内生物多样性随着运行时间的延长而增加,测序结果表明进行氨氧化作用的主要是亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonassp.),进行亚硝酸氧化的主要是硝化螺菌属(Nitrospirasp.).尽管反应器只进行无机氨氮配水,仍存在大量的异养菌,估计其生长是以胞外分泌产物和细胞裂解产物为基质.     

学术界共谋驱散亚洲棕色云

1995～1999年间，参与大型国际合作科研计划Indian Oeean Experiment(INDOEX)的科学家在印度洋上空发现厚约3km、面积约900万km^2的棕色污染尘霾笼罩在印度洋、南亚、东南亚和中国南部上空，形象地称为亚洲棕色云。监测发现霾层是由高浓度的细颗粒物组成，成分主要是碳黑、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、有机颗粒、飞灰和矿物颗粒，霾层中还含有浓度较高的SO2、CO和各种有机气体化合物等。后来的研究表明，棕色云现象是一个世界范围内的现象。初步的评估研究表明，大气棕色云将对大气辐射通量产生显著影响，从而直接和间接地影响气候、水循环等，进而对农业、生态系统和经济产生重大影响。而笼罩在亚洲上空的棕色阴霾表明，亚洲地区的大气污染已成为全球迫切需要解决的问题。