改性Ti/SnO2-Sb电极催化降解1,4-二氯苯废水试验研究

采用聚合物前驱体法制备了未掺杂、掺杂Cu、掺杂Bi、掺杂Ni的4种Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极,运用SEM和XRD分析电极表面形貌及结构,通过线性极化扫描、循环伏安等测试考察其电化学性能,同时进行1,4二氯苯(p-DCB)降解实验进一步探究电极的电催化氧化特性.SEM和XRD结果表明,掺杂金属可改善电极表面形貌,增大其比表面积;电化学测试表明,Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极的析氧电位并未因金属掺杂而有明显改变,掺杂金属后,Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极具有更优的电催化活性和稳定性.p-DCB降解实验表明,改性Ti/Sn O2-Sb电极对p-DCB的降解效率明显提高,其中Ti/Sn O2-Sb-Cu电极的电催化处理效果最优,电解2 h后p-DCB的去除率即达到87.6%,且p-DCB的降解反应遵循一级反应动力学规律.     

秦岭北麓地区CO2和水汽湍流输送实验研究

利用中国气象局秦岭气溶胶与云微物理野外科学试验基地长安站2021年4月～2022年3月涡动相关系统观测资料,结合气象观测资料,研究了秦岭北麓城郊过渡带近地面大气CO₂、H₂O浓度、蒸发量以及湍流通量演变特征,并讨论了气象要素对碳通量的影响.结果表明:观测时段内CO₂小时浓度年均值为(404.4±27.9)×10^-6,与瓦里关大气背景观测站和全球背景观测站CO₂年均值浓度水平相当,水汽小时浓度年均值为9.44g/m³,年总蒸发量为1321.5mm;CO₂、水汽浓度和蒸发量均存在显著的月、季节变化特征;CO₂和水汽通量存在明显的日、月和季节变化,全年白天均表现为较强的碳吸收,观测时段内CO₂总吸收量约为-3047g/m²;夜间表现为碳排放,观测时段内总排放量约为2631g/m²;气温、土壤温度、相对湿度和风速的变化均会对区域内CO₂     

有机肥与无机肥配施对潮土N2O排放的影响

华北平原是我国重要的粮食主产区,由于土壤有机质含量低,增加氮肥用量并不能导致玉米产量持续增加.有机肥和无机肥配施被广泛认为是同时实现粮食增产和提高土壤有机质的双赢措施,但是有机肥和无机肥配施对华北平原农田N_2O排放的影响尚不明确.本研究在华北平原潮土区,通过测定不同种类有机肥与无机肥配施后农田N_2O排放通量和作物产量,旨在揭示不同种类有机肥及其用量对潮土N_2O排放和作物产量的影响效应.田间试验共设置8个处理,分别为不施肥(CK)、化肥氮(NPK)、 40%牛粪氮+60%化肥氮(CM)、 40%鸡粪氮+60%化肥氮(FC)、 40%猪粪氮+60%化肥氮(FP)、 20%牛粪氮+80%化肥氮(1/2CM)、 20%鸡粪氮+80%化肥氮(1/2FC)和20%猪粪氮+80%化肥氮(1/2FP).整个玉米季N_2O排放通量均与土壤WFPS显著正相关(P0.05).除NPK处理外,玉米季N_2O排放量与土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)平均含量存在显著的线性关系.玉米季CK处理N_2O排放量为0.50 kg·hm~(-2),NPK处理增加到2.28 kg·hm~(-2).相同用量不同种类有机肥处理,N_2O排放未出现显著差异. 40%有机肥氮用量处理下N_2O排放量与NPK处理无显著差异,而用量减少至20%后, 1/2CM、 1/2FC和1/2FP处理N_2O排放量分别较CM、 FC和FP减少了33.6%、 43.7%和12.1%,其主要原因为易分解有机碳输入减少,土壤DOC含量降低,但玉米产量未出现显著差异.因此,从减少温室效应的角度,玉米季80%化肥氮配施20%有机肥氮为本地区农田施肥的较佳选择.     

Kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide

For the first time, kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide(ClO2) were investigated systematically by detecting concentration of aniline with HPLC at regular intervals. Results showed that the reaction was first-order both in ClO2 and in aniline, and the oxidation reaction could be described as second-order reaction. Stoichiometric factor η was experimentally determined to be 2.44. The second-order-reaction rate constant k was 0.11L/(mol.s)under condition of pH 6.86 and water temperature(Tw) 287K. Reaction activation energy was 72.31 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction could take place under usual water treatment conditions. The reaction rate constants in acidic and alkali media were greater than that in neutral medium. Chlorite ion could slightly increase reaction rate in acidic medium. p-aminophenol and azobenzene were detected by GC-MS as intermediates.     

UV-catalytic treatment of spent caustic from ethene plant with hydrogen peroxide and ozone oxidation

The performance of UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 oxidation systems for treating spent caustic from an ethylene plant was investigated, in UV/H2O2 system, with the increase of H202 dosage, removal efficiencies of COD and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) to chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the effluent were increased and a better performance was obtained than the H2O2 system alone. In UV/H2O2 system, removal efficiency of COD reach 68% under the optimum condition, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.52. In UV/O3 system, with the increase of O3 dosage, removal efficiency of COD and BOD/COD ratio were increased, and a better performance was obtained than the O3 system alone. Under the optimum condition, removal efficiency of COD was 54%, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.48. In UV/H2O2/O3 system, COD removal efficiency was found to be 22.0% higher than UV/O3 system.     

Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.     

Photodegradation mechanism of two dyes: the influence of adsorption behavior on the novel TiO2 particles

The relationship between adsorption behavior and photocatalytic mechanism of the two dyes was investigated. Adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of cationic pink FG was Langmuir type behavior, while the reactive brilliant red k-2G was Freundlich type behavior. The increasing pH favored the adsorption of FG but have little effect on the photodegradation. The increasing pH favored the adsorption and the photodegradation of k-2G. The presence of scavenger of hvb^ and OH. radical potassium iodide inhibited the degradation of k-2G, free radicals scavenger tetranitromethane inhibited the photodegradation of FG. These results indicated that the photodegradation of FG mainly via free radicals in solution, and the photodegradation of k-2G was mainly on the catalysts surface or near the interface of solid and solution by react with hvb^ and surface-bound OH.. The different effect of SO4^2- , HCO3^- on the adsorption and photodegradation of two dyes confirmed these results.     

三哩岛核梦魇

1979年3月28日,美国三哩岛核电厂2号机组（TMI-2）发生了反应堆堆芯熔毁事故。虽然该事故没有对公众造成安全与健康影响,却成为美国核能工业由盛转衰的转折点。30年后的2009年11月21日16时,三哩岛核电厂1号机组（TMI-1）反应堆厂房在进行维护时,发生放射性尘埃意外泄漏事故,尽管同样有惊无险,但2次事故的发生,使得核电厂的安全成为全世界关注的焦点。     

混凝法处理表面活性剂废水的水力影响

以含1 mg/L十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的20 NTU高岭土悬浊液为研究对象,投加聚合铝PAC进行强化混凝实验,探讨了水力条件对含SDBS废水处理效果及其混凝形态学特性的影响。结果表明,偏碱性条件有利于浊度去除,而偏酸性条件下SDBS去除率较高;在试验确定的最佳工艺条件下,处理后废水余浊低,表面活性剂去除率较高,絮体大而密实,不易破碎,分维值较高;助凝剂纳米SiO2能进一步改善最优水力条件下PAC的强化混凝效果。     

TiO_2光催化降解有机污染物的研究进展

综述了该技术在国内外的研究现状,包括光催化机理、光催化降解有机污染物的机理、动力学、影响因素和光催化降解有机污染物的最新进展,并展望了该技术的研究方向。