Effects of Fe2O3, organic matter and carbonate on photocatalytic degradation of lindane in the sediment from the Liao River,China

Fourteen sediment samples with different content of Fe₂O₃ were collected from the lower reaches of the Liao River in China. The photodegradation of lindane on the surfaces of these sediments was investigated to observe the effects of Fe₂O₃ and other photoinducable substances, such as TiO₂ and organic substances, on photodegradation of lindane. A partial least-squares (PLS) analysis model was developed to find out the statistical relationship between the photodegradation and the contents of these photoinducable substances. It was concluded from the PLS analysis that inorganic carbon and organic carbon have negative effects, whereas Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ accelerate the photodegradation of lindane in the sediment samples when 365 nm UV light was used as light source. In all cases of the experiments, the photodegradation of lindane in the sediment samples were fitted for pseudo-first-order kinetics.     

Water purification with sintered porous materials fabricated at 400℃ from sea bottom sediments

A sintering technology for preparing porous materials from sea bottom sediments was developed for use in water purification. The purpose of the present study was to develop methods for converting the sea bottom sediments dredged from Ago Bay into value-added recycled products. The sintered products fabricated at 400℃ were found to be very effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals.     

海洋沉积物的环境磁学研究简述

环境磁学是一门介于地球科学、环境科学和磁学之间的边缘学科,可提供大量有关区域或全球环境变化及人类活动对环境影响等的重要信息.海洋沉积物是当前环境磁学研究的主要领域之一.根据最近20多a的研究成果,本文简述了海洋沉积物中的磁性矿物和磁学性质及其古环境意义等方面所取得的进展.     

底泥磷释放的影响因素

水体中磷元素的含量是影响藻类生长的重要因子,来源可分为外源性磷和内源性磷.在外源性磷得到有效控制的情况下,内源性磷成为湖泊水体中磷元素的主要来源。而底泥磷的释放是内源性磷的主要组成。影响底泥磷释放的因素很多,首先与底泥的物理化学组成有关,如底泥颗粒物的粒径、有机质和氧化物的含量以及底泥中磷的形态等,再则与各环境因子的影响关系也非常密切,溶解氧、温度、pH值、扰动是其主要的环境影响因子.对富营养水体底泥释放的影响因素及其机理研究可为富营养化水体的治理提供理论依据。     

Nested patterns in hyporheic meta-communities: the role of body morphology and penetrability of sediment

Nestedness has been regarded as a common pattern of species distribution especially in terrestrial systems and vertebrate faunas. However, a significantly lower degree of nestedness has been reported for aquatic invertebrates. We analyzed the vertical distribution patterns of taxa in the upper 70 cm of the hyporheic zone. This biotope is abundantly inhabited by epigean fauna, which is morphologically pre-adapted to life within the limited space of sediment interstices. We tested the hypotheses that in the vertical profile of the hyporheic zone sediment acts as a physical barrier (filter), allowing only the morphologically pre-adapted and adapted (i.e., smaller, narrower, more flexible) taxa to penetrate to deeper layers. We demonstrated that this mechanism can promote a strongly nested and colonization-driven pattern at higher taxa levels. The sediment filter (1) constricted the body width: 0.50 mm appeared to be the upper limit for successful sediment colonization at the study site, and (2) favored elongated taxa against small sized taxa. We tested also the assumption that distribution of fine sediment affects the accessibility of hyporheic zone for fauna (“filter density”) and thereby influences nestedness. However, we found that nestedness could be sufficiently explained by the depth itself. Our study offers a possible explanation of depth patterns in hyporeic meta-communities as a result of morphological characteristics promoting nestedness at higher taxa level.     

西辽河不同粒级沉积物对重金属镉的富集特征

为估算随泥沙颗粒迁移的重金属镉(Cd)的质量分数,采用平衡吸附法研究了西辽河不同粒级沉积物对Cd的富集特征。结果表明,不同粒级沉积物对Cd的富集系数从大到小依次为黏粒(6.65)、粉粒(4.13)、细砂(0.92)、粗砂(0.90)。黏粒级沉积物对Cd属于重度富集,粉粒级沉积物对Cd属于中度富集。其原因有二:细粒级沉积物中腐殖质含量明显高于粗粒级;细粒级沉积物中稳结态腐殖质比例较高,稳结态腐殖质的腐殖酸组成以胡敏酸为主,胡敏酸在复合体表面形成了S-HA-Cd三元配合物,增加了黏土矿物表面吸附位。西辽河沉积物在汛期黏粒级和粉粒级冲泻质泥沙所携载的吸附态镉质量分数可分别按沉积物原样的6.65和4.13倍估算。     

黄河三角洲滨海滩涂湿地沉积物重金属空间分布及生态风险评价

为了解黄河三角洲滨海滩涂湿地沉积物中重金属的污染程度,对黄河三角洲位于渤海湾、黄河口附近、莱州湾等滨海滩涂样地的表层沉积物中4种重金属（Cd、As、Cu、Pb）的含量及其空间分布进行研究,分析其含量与环境因子的相关性,并采用地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数评价其污染程度及生态风险.结果表明:表层沉积物中Cu、As、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为14.36、7.92、0.20、16.24 mg/kg.不同样地间除Pb以外,其他3种重金属含量均差异显著,黄河口附近滩涂Cu含量高于非河口滨海滩涂,Cd含量呈南高北低的分布特征,As含量在渤海湾东侧滨海滩涂中较高.相关性分析显示,Cu、As、Pb来源相同或相近,Cd与Cu来源相同或相近,Cd与As来源不同;粒径 < 4 μm的沉积物含量与Cu、Pb、As含量均呈显著正相关,粒径为4~63 μm的沉积物含量与Cu、As含量均呈显著负相关.地累积指数评价表明,研究区Cd为轻度污染,其他重金属无污染;综合潜在生态风险指数分析表明,研究区重金属潜在生态风险指数（RI）介于59.21~158.63之间,平均值为107.71,属于低风险,黄河口附近及莱州湾滨海滩涂沉积物中重金属潜在生态风险高于渤海湾滨海滩涂.研究显示,黄河三角洲位于莱州湾及黄河口附近的滨海滩涂湿地沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险需要重点防控.      

上海市湖泊沉积物重金属的空间分布

上海快速城市化发展导致公园湖泊表层沉积物中重金属Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb和Zn含量出现富集,其最大值已超出各自土壤背景值3.8~5.8倍.这5种重金属的污染热点主要出现在核心城区的人口和交通密集区、浦西沿江老工业区以及郊区新兴工业区附近.基于土地利用类型、交通变量、人口密度和工业点源等预测变量构建了高精度的土地利用回归模型,推测沉积物中Cd和Pb浓度分别主要受路网密度和商业用地影响,Hg和Cu主要受商业用地和工业点源数影响,Zn主要受居住用地和工业点源数影响.     

广东沿海沉积物重金属含量及风险评价

通过收集大量监测资料,研究广东省沿海沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价.基于社会、经济、自然等方面,分析广东省沿海沉积物重金属的主要影响因素.结果表明,珠江口海域沉积物中重金属含量高于粤东、粤西区域,其中Cu（106.98±70.69μg/g）、Pb含量（65.74±65.03μg/g）分别以广州、深圳最高,Zn（250.25±55.01μg/g）、Cd（1.48±0.30μg/g）、Cr（96.48±9.79μg/g）、As（17.30±14.00μg/g）含量均为中山最高.Hakanson潜在生态风险评价结果显示,广东沿海各单项指数（0.528±0.377~2.107±3.665）及综合指数（7.135±7.880）均处于"低等"水平.单因素生态风险评价结果为：Cd > Cu > Pb > Zn > As > Cr,而生态风险综合指数则表现为：珠江口（12.131） > 粤东（5.488） > 粤西（4.1560）.沿海沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr之间均具显著正相关性（P<0.05）,说明各重金属污染来源相近,具有同源性;部分重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn）含量与TOC显著正相关（P<0.05）,而部分重金属（Cu、Cr、Cd）含量与pH值显著负相关（P<0.05）.     

西沙赵述岛和北岛海鸟遗迹14C年代模型及意义

对采自西沙赵述岛和北岛的沉积剖面ZS2、BD1进行分析,两个剖面具有十分相似的物源组成和岩性变化。通过测定剖面中海鸟残体的~(14)C年龄,运用传统方法以及Clam和Bacon程序建立了ZS2和BD1沉积剖面的年龄-深度模型。对比年龄-深度模型发现,Bacon程序运用MCMC作为迭代算法,排除异常数据影响,拟合得到的曲线单调相比较于Clam年龄模型显得更为合理。所建立的年代学模型为后期的气候环境演变研究提供了基础。根据Bacon程序所构建的年龄-深度模型结果,我们发现近千年来ZS2和BD1剖面处的平均沉积速率分别为0.86 mm?a~(-1)和1.26 mm?a~(-1)。采样点的沉积速率在一定程度上代表了岛屿的垂向生长速率,均低于当前海平面的平均上升速率。同时,鸟骨的~(14)C年龄也揭示了赵述岛海鸟活动时间应不晚于AD 1172—1290,而海鸟开始在北岛活动的时间则不晚于AD 984—1140。