Heavy Metal Sediment Load from the City of Stockholm

A transect of upstream lake sitesand downstream coastal sites surrounding the cityof Stockholm, capital of Sweden, wereinvestigated for heavy metals in sediments.Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn increasedclose to the city. In the most central areas ofStockholm, sediment deposition was increasedabout 5-fold for Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb and 3-fold forZn, as compared to the surrounding areas. Thesediment load from the city was estimated bycorrecting for a background concentration. It canbe concluded that most of the load of Hg and Pbwas trapped in the sediments close to the citywhile Ni, Cu, Cd and Zn to a higher degree weretransported through the archipelago towards theBaltic Sea.     

Urban Land-Use Influences on Transport of Heavy Metals to Lakes and Concentrations in Fish

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution: Focus - To investigate the urban land-useinfluences on transport of heavy metals to lakesand metal concentrations in fish liver (perch andcrucian carp), ten lakes...     

Distribution, sources and potential toxicological significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Guanting Reservoir sediments, China

The Guanting Reservoir lost its function as the second biggest drinking water source for Beijing due to the pollutions from the upstream flow of Yongding River in 1997. From 1998, lots of studies were carryied out to renew the function of Guanting Reservoir as domestic drinking water source before 2008 Olympic Games. This is the first time that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in the surface sediment of Guanting Reservoir have been analyzed. A distinctive spatial distribution of PAHs was observed. Sediments from four sites along Inlet of Yongding River to reservoir bam had PAHs concentrations of 1377--2855 μg/g dw in descending order. The composition of PAHs is investigated and used to assess patrogenic,combustion and naturally derived of the sediments samples of Guanting Reservoir. Special PAHs ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene(P/A) and fluoranthene/pyrene(Fl/Pyr) were calculated to assess the relative importance of different origins. The data confirmed a relatively high level of petrogenic contamination in four sites. These high PAHs levels were associated with the input of untreated and partially treated industrial sewage. In addition, the concentrations of PAHs compounds of samples indicated that sediments of reservoir were most likely to pose potential biological impairment.     

渤海表层沉积物中DDTs、PCBs及酞酸酯的空间分布特征

利用第2次全国海洋污染基线调查数据,研究渤海表层沉积物中DDTs、PCBs和酞酸酯的空间分布特征．结果表明：DDTs和PCBs的高值样点主要分布于秦皇岛近岸、辽东湾近岸和渤海湾近岸海区;酞酸酯的最高值和次高值样点分别出现在莱州湾近岸和辽东湾近岸,而秦皇岛近岸海区的平均水平高于其它海区．目前,渤海表层沉积物中PCBs和酞酸酯的含量相对较低,对周边底栖生物尚未构成威胁．另一方面,DDTs组成的比值关系显示秦皇岛近岸、渤海湾近岸和辽东湾近岸海区近期出现DDTs的输入,并且DDTs含量已超出相应的生态效应低值区间的标志水平,具有一定的生态风险．在渤海海区大多数样点,DDTs的主要代谢产物为厌氧条件下的DDD．     

三丁基锡对文蛤鳃的抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化的影响

在实验室条件下,观察质量浓度分别为高、中、低(0·1,1,10ng·L-1(以Sn计))3组的三丁基锡(TBT)暴露2、8、20d以及恢复7d和20d后对文蛤鳃的谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响.结果显示,除了高浓度TBT(10ng·L-1)暴露在早期(2d)对GSH含量、GST和CAT活性产生抑制之外,TBT暴露对GSH含量、GST和CAT活性的作用主要为诱导效应.在暴露8d后,MDA的含量表现出显著的诱导.恢复7d后除了高浓度组对MDA还有影响外,其它各指标均恢复到与对照组相当的水平.结果表明,环境水平的TBT暴露对文蛤产生明显的氧化胁迫,抗氧化防御系统可以作为海洋环境有机锡污染监测的潜在的生物标志物.     

楚科奇海陆架区表层沉积物放射性核素的分布

对中国首次北极科学考察期间在楚科奇海采集的9个表层沉积物样品进行了γ谱分析。结果表明,2 1 0 Pb的比活度介于16.0～76.6Bq·kg 1 之间,平均为3 6.9Bq·kg 1 ,低于大多数中低纬度区表层沉积物的2 1 0 Pb比活度,反映出研究海域低的大气2 1 0 Pb输入通量。2 2 6 Ra、1 37Cs、2 38U的放射性比活度范围和平均值分别为11.4～2 0 .9、1.7～2 .9、3 2 .4～5 3 .4Bq·kg 1 和17.6、2 .2、44 .4Bq·kg 1 。研究海域表层沉积物中的2 2 6 Ra/2 38U ) A .R .介于0 .3 5～0 .47之间,低的2 2 6 Ra/2 38U) A .R .表明U、Ra的地球化学行为存在差异。2 1 0 Pb、2 1 0 Pbex、1 37Cs、4 0 K比活度和灼烧失重率均随离岸距离的增加逐渐减小,而2 2 6 Ra和2 38U则具有各自不同的分布特征,分别与研究海域表层沉积物Si和Ca的分布比较类似。对核素间相关关系的分析表明,研究海域表层沉积物中1 37Cs和2 1 0 Pbex含量与灼烧失重率之间存在良好的线性正相关关系,证实有机物质在2 1 0 Pb、1 37Cs的生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。     

黄河中下游表层沉积物中多氯联苯的污染特征

对采自黄河中下游地区12个站点17个表层沉积物样品中的多氯联苯进行了定量分析测定,并讨论了多氯联苯在沉积物中的污染特征.结果表明:①黄河中下游表层沉积物中多氯联苯的浓度范围为ND—5·98μg·kg~(-1),受污染程度较轻;②沉积物样品中多氯联苯同族体的组成特征非常相似,都以含3—5个氯原子的PCB同族体为主,占多氯联苯总量的94·68%以上,且在大多数样品中含量顺序为:四氯联苯>三氯联苯>五氯联苯;③该地区表层沉积物中多氯联苯的含量与TOC和沉积物的机械组成无明显相关性,这可能与黄河中下游复杂的水利条件和沉积物自身的理化性质有关.     

Sediment Parameters of Northwest Black Sea Shelf and Slope: Implications for Transport of Heavy Metals and Radionuclides

In June 1990, sediment cores were obtained from several locations in the Northwest Black Sea shelf and slope by a joint US/USSR scientific team aboard the survey vessel R/V VODYANITSKY. the goal of this investigation was to determine the distribution and levels of radioactivity resulting from the Chernobyl 1986 nuclear accident. the sediment was characterized for texture, mineral composition, redox state, heavy metals, and radionuclides. Correlations emerging from these data reveal paths of dispersal and transport of materials from river sources to deposition sites on the shelf and slope. Kaolinite in the clay mineral suite clearly reflects a dispersal pattern originating in the Danube River and progressing in an easterly direction across the shelf. Sand-size gypsum and the elemental heavy metals Zn, Cu, Cr, and Pb (probable industrial source) as well as the elements Al and Mg (probable terrigenous source) also show a dispersal pattern from the Danube station location in an easterly direction across the shelf. the dispersal direction indicated by these materials is not in conflict with recent existing notions concerning the hydrology of the Northwest Black Sea. Barium anomalies at a midshelf location may be related to operations in the Lebada oil fields situated updrift. Heavy mineral dispersal reflect the Danube and -Crimean Provinces established for the shelf and relate to terrestrial source areas. in addition, the heavy mineral monazite correlates with the radioactive Th 232 found most abundantly in the Crimean Province. Local anomalies of Mn, Fe and U in the sediment at station locations are related to redox (Eh) conditions and other factors. Cs^134/137 data, reported by Curtis and Broadway (1991), correspond to transport and dispersal patterns implicit in the mineralogic, anthropogenic indicators, and sediment characteristics of the study area.     

厦门西溪河口沉积物活性磷的分布特征及迁移转化机制

为探索不同河口区域锰、铁和硫地球化学行为对活性磷分布的影响,选择厦门西溪河口,应用薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）采样技术,对沉积物DGT有效态磷（DGT-P）、锰、铁和硫进行原位和高分辨监测.结果表明,在垂向剖面中,DGT-P的分布与铁和硫的氧化还原转化以及沉积物活性磷背景值关系密切,磷的钝化/活化主要受控于铁氧化物对磷的氧化吸附和还原溶解,以及硫酸盐还原和硫化物积累引发的磷活化;沿采样点分布,DGT-P的浓度平均值差异大（0.075~0.80 mg ·L^-1）,与盐度无关,而是与氧化还原条件密切相关,即氧化带越深磷浓度平均值越低;模型模拟结果表明,表层沉积物对孔隙水磷的再补给能力与DGT-P浓度及氧化还原条件相关,即氧化环境不利于沉积物磷的解吸再补给,而还原环境中与铁和硫地球化学的耦合有利于维持高活性磷浓度以及磷的持续释放.     

洪泽湖湖滨带表层沉积物氮、磷、有机质分布及污染评价

洪泽湖作为中国第四大淡水湖泊,是江苏北部地区重要的水源地,同时也是南水北调东线工程的重要调蓄湖泊之一,研究其湖滨带表层沉积物氮、磷、有机质的污染情况对维持洪泽湖水安全和生物多样性具有重要现实意义。基于2020年8月于洪泽湖湖滨带采集的43个表层（0~10 cm）沉积物样品,分析了总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和有机质（OM）含量的空间分布特征及相关性,并运用综合污染指数法和有机污染指数法评价其污染程度。结果表明,洪泽湖湖滨带表层沉积物TN、TP、OM含量范围分别为232~2 152 ,123~439,0.91~18.65 mg/kg,均值分别为985,276,10.93 mg/kg;空间分布上均表现为东部大堤、成子湖和西部区域的TN、TP、OM含量高于过水通道;Pearson相关性分析显示,表层沉积物中ω(OM)与ω(TN)（r=0.705,P<0.01）、ω(TN)与ω(TP)（r=0.504,P<0.01）呈显著正相关;洪泽湖湖滨带表层沉积物综合污染指数范围为0.45~1.88,平均值为0.93,有机污染指数范围为0.001~0.221,平均值为0.067,2种评价方法均显示洪泽湖湖滨带表层沉积物中TN、TP、OM整体处于清洁—轻度污染状态。