舟山附近海域表层沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价

根据2009年8月在舟山附近海域采集的表层沉积物中6种重金属的检测结果,利用变异系数法、单种重金属污染指数法、多种重金属综合污染指数法,对表层沉积物中各重金属的空间波动及污染程度进行了分析,并利用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对单种和多种重金属的潜在生态危害程度进行了评价.结果表明:表层沉积物中重金属平均含量顺序依...     

长江口滨岸带潮滩沉积物中菲的吸附特征

以菲为多环芳烃的代表物,对长江口滨岸带潮滩沉积物进行吸附实验,并研究不同盐度、营养盐和温度条件下和不同沉积物组分对吸附的影响.结果表明,Freundlich吸附等温线能较好的拟合实验值,其KFr值与各样点TOC含量变化趋势一致,而非线性特征随样品TOC含量升高及吸附能力的增强而降低.盐度对吸附略有影响,而对于TOC含量...     

泉州湾悬浮颗粒物中重金属的分布特征及其影响因素

(1.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,厦门361005;2.中国海洋大学海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,青岛266100)摘要:利用等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)对泉州湾6个13h连续站悬浮颗粒物及2个13h连续站(Q2和Q4站)表层沉积物中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb和Cd等元素的含量进行测试,悬浮颗粒物中其平均含量分别在1.610～0.359、0.730～0.150、2.249～0.319、6.421～1.266、0.131～0.027、4.176～1.101μg/L和17.526～2.260ng/L之间,从内湾向外湾逐渐降低;表层沉积物中其平均含量分别在65.3～82.6、37.8～39.8、37.4～51.4、121.0～172.8、3.3～3.4、42.2～76.9和0.217～0.493μg/g之间,Q2站含量一般高于Q4站的.综合分析1个潮周期内重金属含量及其分布特征发现:河口及其附近海域悬浮颗粒物中重金属含量变化相对较大,其分布特征与潮汐及河口过程相关;外湾的含量变化相对较小,其变化受局地表层沉积物再悬浮的影响要大于潮汐影响下的河流输入影响;表层沉积物中重金属的含量变化与悬浮颗粒物中的可以相对应,指示了两者之间的交换.本研究结果为全面了解泉州湾重金属的分布、运移和交换提供了重要参考.     

太湖百渎港湿地植物群落沉积物中碳、氮的空间变化研究

采用地统计学与GIS相结合的方法,以太湖百渎港湿地植被恢复区为研究区,研究湿地植物群落沉积物中有机碳、全氮和碳氮比的空间分布.结果表明:(1)研究区有机碳变化范围为1.53～63.42 g·kg-1,全氮变化范围为0.37～5.42g·kg-1,碳氮比变化范围为1.55-77.50,全氮、有机碳和碳氮比都存在空间上中等程度的变异性.(2)有机碳含量整体上最高是在沉水植物群落和芦苇群落分布区,茭草群落、荷花群落分布区次之,最低在香蒲群落分布区和对照区;全氮分布与有机碳具有一定的相似性,整体最高在芦苇群落分布区,最低在对照区.     

晋江感潮河段沉积物重金属的赋存形态与生物有效性

用稀硝酸单级提取法和BCR连续提取法对晋江感潮河段沉积物中重金属生物有效性进行研究.单级提取法表明,Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cd、Sb、V、Ni、Co、Fe和Mn的酸提相含量在中游河段普遍较高.除V和Fe外,表层和柱状沉积物中其他9种重金属的生物有效性均相对较高.除在个别深度外,L43柱状沉积物中多数重金属元素生物有效性变化较平稳.采用改进的BCR四步连续提取法对表层沉积物中11种重金属进行形态分析,结果表明,Mn、Ni、Pb、Cu、Cd和Cr都具有较高的生物有效性;Zn在下游河段主要分布在残渣态中,但在中上游河段弱酸溶态含量的比例普遍较高;Sb在河段下游地区非残渣态含量要明显高于中上游地区.次生相与原生相分布比值法评价结果表明,除V和Fe处于无污染水平,其他9种重金属在不同的采样点均有不同程度的污染.     

Spatial characteristics analysis by PCR-DGGE for bacterial communities in surface sediments of Tangxi River,Hefei City北大核心CSCD

Microbes play an important role in material circulation and pollutant release in urban sediments, and its community structure can provide an important basis for evaluating the pollution load and ecosystem health of an urban river. In this study, bacterial communities in sediments from different locations of Tangxi River in Anhui Province were analyzed and compared, with an objective of evaluating the effects of aquatic environment on spatial characteristics of bacterial communities and the feasibility of using bacterial community composition as an indicator of urban river health. PCR-DGGE was applied to analyze the bacterial communities; fifteen major bands of 16S rDNA genes fragments from DGGE profiles of sediment samples were further eluted from gel, reamplified and sequenced. The sequences of these fragments were compared with the database in GenBank (NCBI). The collected samples were clustered based on UPGM Aanalysis. In addition, relationships between bacterial communities and environmental factors were analyzed by Monte Carlo test and redundancy analysis (RDA). The DGGE profiles indicated that upstream surface sediments had about 30 bands, but the differences in brightness were not significant. Although midstream surface sediments had only 18 bands on average, the brightness of some bands was relatively high, indicating that some dominant species of bacteria existed in these sediments. The amounts of bands in downstream sediments were between those of upstream and midstream, with some bands of high brightness. The NCBI comparison results showed that ten sequences shared 98-100% homology with known sequences, one with 97%, and the other four with uncultured bacteria. Shannon index (H) of bacterial diversity from upstream surface sediments was 3.31 on average, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of midstream surface sediments, and slightly higher than that of downstream surface sediments. UPGMA results showed both the distribution of bacteria communities and the diversity were strongly related with the sampling locations (Eigenvalue = 0.188, P = 0.134). Monte Carlo test and RDA analysis showed that the ion exchangeable form of nitrogen (IEF-N) was the main factor influencing the spatial characteristics of bacterial communities in the sediments. The aquatic plants had a significant effect on the richness of bacterial communities in the sediments, and the effectiveness of plant species was more notable than that of the vegetation coverage. The above results indicated that bacterial community structure and diversity in the surface sediments can well reflect the degree of urbanization development and effectiveness of ecological restoration in Tangxi River region.     

巢湖表层沉积物中磷赋存形态的时空变化

以巢湖表层沉积物为对象,采用欧洲标准测试委员会框架下发展的SMT分离方法分析总磷（total phosphorus,TP）、有机磷（organic phosphorus,OP）、无机磷（inorganic phosphorus,IP）、铁铝磷（NaOH-P）、钙磷（HCl-P）等磷形态的含量,利用ArcGIS 9.2和地统计学软件GS＋5.3进行空间数据和插值处理,探讨了巢湖表层沉积物中磷的形态分布特征及来源.结果表明：①沉积物中TN、TP和有机质含量的季节变化较小,在空间上均表现出西半湖含量高于东半湖的分布特点;C/N比率在21.35～28.19之间（平均值为24.94）,表明巢湖的入湖污染物主要以面源污染为主.②巢湖表层沉积物中TP含量的变化范围为528.90～1 385.71 mg.kg-1,IP为主要赋存形态（占TP的质量分数为55.78%～79.86%）.③巢湖表层沉积物中,OP含量为169.05～841.24 mg.kg-1,东、西半湖OP含量分别为376.02 mg.kg-1和406.53 mg.kg-1（占TP的质量分数为47.49%和36.28%）;NaOH-P含量为33.77～411.37 mg.kg-1,东、西半湖含量分别为108.37 mg.kg-1和276.30 mg.kg-1（占IP的质量分数为21.73%和33.12%）;HCl-P含量为194.95～477.45 mg.kg-1,东、西半湖HCl-P含量分别为321.71 mg.kg-1和338.08mg.kg-1（占IP的质量分数为64.50%和40.53%）,是IP的主要组成部分.④冬春季节OP含量高于夏秋季节,而夏秋季节HCl-P和NaOH-P含量高于冬春季节.     

舟山本岛河流沉积物重金属污染特征与评价

测试和研究了舟山本岛8条河流沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr的含量与分布特征,利用地累积指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物重金属进行了生态风险评价,结果表明:(1)基于地累积指数法的评价表明Hg、Cr、As为清洁,Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn为轻度污染;(2)基于单项潜在生态风险系数的评价表明研究区内沉积物中Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Cr处于轻微等级,Cd和Hg则有不同程度的污染;该区域重金属生态风险等级顺序为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Zn;(3)根据综合潜在生态风险指数,城关河和展茅河处于中等风险等级。     

Organochlorines in sediments and mussels collected from coastal sites along the Pearl River Delta, South China

IntroductionContaminationofthemarineenvironmentassociatedwithorganochlorineshasreceivedincreasingattentionoverthelastthirtyyears.Particularattentionhasbeenfocusedonthecoastalzoneandestuaries ,especiallynearmetropolitanregion(Sericano ,1990 ) .ThePearlRiverestuarine ,rangefromDayaBayintheeasttoChangshanIslandsinthewest,supportslargepopulationsofmarineorganismsandextensivefisheriesintheSouthChina .Sincethe 1980s ,therehasbeenrapideconomicdevelopmentinthePearlRiverDeltaresultinginexcessivedi…     

九龙江口红树林湿地表层沉积物中微塑料赋存特征与重金属的关系

本文分析了福建九龙江口红树林湿地表层沉积物中微塑料的丰度及形态特征,并探讨了其主要来源.结果表明,九龙江口红树林湿地表层沉积物中微塑料丰度范围(干沉积物)为640～1 140 n·kg-1,平均值为935 n·kg-1,与国内其他红树林区相比处于中等水平;通过显微镜观察微塑料形态有颗粒状(39％)、碎片状(31％)和纤...