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排序方式: 共有1119条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
611.
An assessment of PCB and PBDE contamination of surface sediments in Monastir Bay was carried out in two contrasted seasons of the year. Samples were collected from 5 sites and analyzed for the ∑7 marker PCBs (i.e. PCBs 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) and ∑4 PBDE congeners (PBDEs 47, 99, 119 and 153) by GC/ECD. Concentrations of both PCBs and PBDEs showed seasonal variations. PCB concentrations were in the range of 3.1–9.3 ng g−1 and 1.1–8.1 ng g−1 in wet and dry season respectively, and sediments were considered moderately contaminated with PCBs. All PCBs analyzed were detected in surface sediments. PCB 153 and 52 congeners showed the highest relative abundance in both winter and summer. PBDE concentrations ranged from not detect to 0.1 ng g−1, with only BDE-47 congener detected in sediments and only in winter. Analysis of spatial and seasonal variations indicated that PCB distribution is governed by hydrodynamics and temporal variability of inputs. While the PCB contamination appeared to be mainly land-based, PBDEs are suspected to originate from atmospheric deposition. 相似文献
612.
“引江济太”河段重金属在水体、悬浮颗粒物及表层沉积物中的含量特征研究及标准化分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了"引江济太"河段(长江—望虞河—贡湖段)孔隙水、上覆水、悬浮颗粒物及表层沉积物中重金属的含量特征,并采用标准化分析方法推测了"引江济太"调水对太湖重金属含量及分布的影响。结果表明,"引江济太"河段的上覆水和间隙水中的重金属污染较轻,6种重金属(Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和As)平均值大多低于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅰ类标准,且低于美国优先污染物国家推荐水质基准持续浓度。悬浮颗粒物及表层沉积物中主要的重金属污染元素是Cd,其中Cd平均值分别为2.20、1.78μg/g,为中国水系沉积物平均值的16、13倍,且达到加拿大淡水沉积物保护准则最初影响水平的3倍左右。标准化分析结果表明,"引江济太"调水工程对太湖重金属含量的变化有一定影响,"引江济太"河段沉积物中的重金属可能经过再悬浮过程进入水体,造成水体二次污染。 相似文献
613.
Brad A. Bessinger 《Environmental Forensics》2014,15(3):265-280
Mass-dependent and mass-independent mercury isotope fractionation potentially generates unique source signatures that can be used to apportion contributions to sediment contamination. This article reviews findings from previous investigations that have used mercury isotopes to identify sources. It also discusses a mass balance mercury isotope fractionation model that simulates changes in isotopic source signatures in aquatic systems caused by natural biogeochemical cycling. According to the model, the extent of source signature alteration depends on chemical speciation, with more labile forms exhibiting greater isotopic fractionation. Apportionment is tractable when differences between δ202Hg of sources are larger than potential changes in isotopic signatures following the release of mercury into the environment. 相似文献
614.
Phytoremediation is potentially effective for managing excessive selenium (Se) in drainage sediment residing in the San Luis Drain in central California. This 2-year field study examined the feasibility of amending drainage sediment (containing 4.78microgSeg(-1)) with methionine and casein to enhance volatilization without or with vegetation of Sporobolus airoides. Results show that without organic amendments, rates of Se volatilization were less than 25microgm(-2)d(-1) in all plots. After amending the sediment with 71.4mgmethioninekg(-1) soil, Se volatilization rates were 434+/-107microgm(-2)d(-1) in vegetated plots and 289+/-117microgm(-2)d(-1) in irrigated bare plots. With the amendment of 572mgcaseinkg(-1) soil, rates increased to 346+/-103microgm(-2)d(-1) in irrigated bare plots and to 114+/-55microgm(-2)d(-1) in vegetated plots. Both methionine and casein promoted biological remediation of Se via volatilization most effectively during the warmest months. 相似文献
615.
Xuliang Zhuang Zhen Han Zhihui Bai Hojae Shim 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1119-1126
Environments with high-salt concentrations are often populated by dense microbial communities. Halophilic microorganisms can be isolated from different saline environments and different strains even belonging to the same genus have various applications. Wastewater and soil rich in both organic matter and salt are difficult to treat using conventional microorganisms typically found in wastewater treatment and soil bioremediation facilities. Studies on decontaminative capabilities and decontamination pathways of organic contaminants (i.e., aromatic compounds benzoate, cinnamate, 3-phenylpropionate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid), heavy metals (i.e., tellurium, vanadium), and nutrients in the biological treatment of saline wastewater and soil by halophilic microorganisms are discussed in this review. 相似文献
616.
617.
河底沉积物培养耐酸产甲烷颗粒污泥的试验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用河底沉积物作为接种污泥,在一个3.1L的EGSB反应器中进行培养耐酸产甲烷颗粒污泥的试验研究.结果表明,EGSB反应器在pH6.0,出水碱度低于400mg CaCO3/L,容积负荷5.3kg COD/(m3d)的条件下培养出具有良好沉降性能和产甲烷活性的耐酸颗粒污泥.形成耐酸颗粒污泥后,EGSB反应器在pH5.8~6.0,进水COD 3000mg/L,容积负荷5.2kg COD/(m3d)的条件下稳定运行29d, COD去除率平均为89.2%,出水总碱度仅为264.4mg CaCO3/L,沼气中甲烷的含量约为56.9%.扫描电镜观察发现颗粒污泥内部存在成簇生长的索氏甲烷丝菌 相似文献
618.
太湖沉积物中解磷细菌分布及其与碱性磷酸酶活性的关系 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
分析了太湖沉积物中解磷细菌的丰度, 测定了不同季节、不同采样点、不同取样深度沉积物中碱性磷酸酶的活性, 探讨了解磷细菌分布与碱性磷酸酶活性的关系.结果表明,解磷菌在表层沉积物中普遍存在, 随着深度的增加, 数量逐渐减少.解磷菌的种类秋季最多,冬季最少, 但解磷能力较强的菌大部分出现在夏季.碱性磷酸酶活性范围为0.001~0.006 mmol·(g·min)-1, 酶活性呈现较为明显的季节变动, 不同采样点间酶活性差异较大, 随深度的增加, 碱性磷酸酶活性逐渐降低.各采样点碱性磷酸酶在0~12 cm活性较高且变化较大, 12 cm以下深度酶活性较低, 基本稳定在0.001 mmol·(g·min)-1左右.沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性与解磷菌数量有一定相关性, 相关系数为0.50~0.85. 相似文献
619.
采集海河河口表层沉积物样品,测定了其中12种多氯联苯(PCBs)和20种有机氯农药(OCPs)的浓度,运用主成分分析-多元线性回归法(PCA-MLR)解析该区域沉积物中PCBs和OCPs的来源,并定量计算了各污染源的贡献量.结果表明,海河沉积物中PCBs的特征源为非故意产生和大气输送2类,基于多元线性回归法的贡献率分别为55%和45%,对PCBs总量的贡献量均值为6.94,9.42ng/g;OCPs的特征源为历史残留和新的输入2类,贡献率分别为13%和87%,对OCPs总量的贡献量均值为21.18,171.97ng/g.海河河口沉积物中POPs的源贡献与该区域的工业生产有关,改善工业结构和妥善处理历史遗留的生产废物是控制海河河口沉积物中POPs的有效途径. 相似文献
620.