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951.
Water contamination by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen, is an emerging ecological concern. In this study, a new three-dimensional manganese dioxide-engrafted reduced graphene oxide (3D MnO2/rGO) hybrid aerogel was developed for acetaminophen sequestration. The synthesis involved firstly the self-assembly of GO aerogel, followed by thermal reduction and in-situ MnO2 growth by redox-reaction. The aerogel demonstrated interlinked planes with smooth surfaces deposited with MnO2 nanospheres and pores of 138.4 – 235.3 µm width. The influences of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, acetaminophen concentration, temperature and contact time were investigated. It was determined that the adsorption of acetaminophen occurred on uniform sorption sites in the aerogel, as suggested by the best fit of data to the Langmuir isotherm, yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 252.87 mg/g. This highest adsorption performance of the 3D MnO2/rGO aerogel was attained at a dosage of 0.6 g/L, initial pH of 6.2 and temperature of 40°C. The process kinetics were in-line with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics at 10 and 20 – 500 mg/L concentrations, respectively. Thermodynamic assay showed the spontaneity and endothermicity features of the 3D MnO2/rGO-acetaminophen system. The acetaminophen adsorption mechanisms were mainly hydrogen bonding and pore entrapment. Moreover, the as-synthesised aerogel was effectively regenerated using acetone and re-utilised in four adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, the results highly recommend the implementation of the 3D MnO2/rGO hybrid aerogel for purification of wastewater polluted by acetaminophen residue.  相似文献   
952.
杭州城区河道底泥重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对杭州城区34条河道45个点位河道底泥进行采样,分析了pH及汞、砷、铅、铬、镉、铜、锌、镍等重金属含量,并进行污染及潜在生态风险评价。结果表明,监测点位的底泥为中性偏碱性,重金属含量分布不均,且范围波动很大,部分河道底泥重金属中汞、铅、镉、铬、锌、镍等有不同程度的超标,少数河道镉、铬、锌污染严重;按《农用污泥中污染物控...  相似文献   
953.
Ever-increasing heavy metal accumulation in the urban environment of Guangzhou, the largest light industrial production base and one of the most rapidly developing cities in China, poses a serious threat to environment as well as to human health in the region. As a sink or source, urban deposits are good indicators of the level and extent of heavy metal accumulation in the surface environment. The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the distribution of heavy metal contamination in the urban environment of Guangzhou. It was based on a systematic sampling of road dusts and corresponding gully sediments along major roads running mainly through commercial and residential to industrial districts of the city. In addition to road dusts and gully sediments, ceiling dusts from the Pearl River Tunnel were also collected to characterize anthropogenic emissions dominated by traffic-related activities. In general, the level of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contaminations were more severe on the industrialized side of Guangzhou than on the western side where heavy traffic and industrial activities were limited. The primary determinants of the level of heavy metal contamination and the distribution of this contamination in the urban environment of Guangzhou were the site-specific conditions of its urban setting, particularly the types of industries, the nature of the traffic flow, sample residence times and variations in grain size of the particulate contaminants. This study highlights the complexity of the urban system and indicates that in just such a system individual urban components should be interlinked to assess the long-term environmental and health effects of heavy metal contamination. Among the heavy metals tested – Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn – the level of Zn contamination was the most severe and widespread, and thus requires immediate attention.  相似文献   
954.
为了解东江湖表层沉积物重金属的污染特征、空间分布特征以及潜在生态风险和来源,采集了东江湖12个点位的表层沉积物,对其中20种重金属(Li、 Be、 V、 Cr、 Mn、 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Zn、 Ga、 As、 Se、 Rb、 Sr、 Ag、 Cd、 Cs、 Ba、 Pb和U)的含量进行分析.采用地累积指数法和潜在风险指数法评估了沉积物重金属的污染程度和潜在风险,并利用相关性分析和主成分分析对主要重金属进行了溯源分析.结果表明,东江湖沉积物重金属中ω(Cd)(2.25 mg·kg-1)和ω(As)(80.80 mg·kg-1)的平均值分别是湖南省背景值(0.11 mg·kg-1和14.7 mg·kg-1)的21.2倍和5.5倍,污染相对严重,重金属空间分布整体呈现:南部>北部>中部.地累积指数法评价显示Cd为偏重度污染,As和Se为偏中度污染水平,Ag和Ga为轻度污染.潜在生态风险指数评价表明东江湖表层沉积物整体表现为高风险水平,主要环境风险因子分别为Cd和As,分别表现为极高风险...  相似文献   
955.
Variation in sediment metal concentrations in the River Avoca, which is severely polluted by acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the abandoned sulphur and copper mines in Avoca, is reported. A survey of surface and subsurface sediments was repeated after seven years during exceptionally low flow conditions in 2001. The present study found that the reference (up-stream) site used in the original 1994 study was itself impacted by AMD, showing sediment metal enrichment by AMD to be greater than originally thought. The new reference site contained elevated Pb (570 µg g–1) in the subsurface sediment due to abandoned Pb-Zn mines 25 km further upstream. Concentrations of Cu (43 µg g–1), Zn (349 µg g–1) and Fe (4.0%) were normal for uncontaminated rivers. All the downstream sites showed sediment metal enrichment arising from the AMD (Cu and Zn p < 0.001; Fe p < 0.01). Subsurface concentrations of metals immediately below the mixing zone were Cu 904 µg g–1 (sd 335), Zn 723 µg g–1 (sd 93), Fe 6.3% (sd 1.5) and Pb 463 µg g–1 (sd 279). Monthly variation in metal concentrations at sites was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Although surface sediment metal concentrations were more variable, they followed similar trends to subsurface sediment. There were no significant differences in the subsurface sediment concentrations for either Cu or Zn over the period 1994 and 2001 immediately below the mines, although at the lowest site Zn had decreased by 35% over the period (p < 0.01). However there was a significant (p < 0.01) decrease over the period in the Fe concentration at all the impacted sites. This corresponds to a reduction in Fe concentration in the AMD and indicates that some remediation has occurred in the river since 1994.  相似文献   
956.
通过对云南滇中盆地高原深水湖泊抚仙湖沉积岩芯进行X射线荧光光谱(XRF)元素与磁化率连续扫描,结合聚类分析、主成分分析方法和其它相关环境代用指标,探讨了抚仙湖流域自1840年以来的流域侵蚀与人类活动特征.研究结果表明,抚仙湖XRF元素扫描的聚类分析结果具有明显的阶段性特征,可将其大致划分为3个阶段,即34~24cm(约1715~1813年),24~9cm(约1813~1947年)和9~0cm(约1947~2018年).基于抚仙湖沉积物岩芯中元素比值和低频磁化率的主成分分析,识别出的主成分1与主成分2的方差贡献分别为37.72%和25.73%.指示抚仙湖流域侵蚀强度的元素比值Rb/Sr、Ti/Sr、Ti/Rb公因子载荷较大(>0.6),该结果表明,抚仙湖外源碎屑沉积物的元素比值对流域侵蚀与人类活动具有良好的指示意义.因此,本文使用湖相沉积中的环境代用指标对抚仙湖流域侵蚀与人类活动强度进行重建.研究结果表明,1840年以来人类活动加剧了流域侵蚀强度.自1990年以来随着流域生态环境的逐步恢复,侵蚀强度总体较弱.  相似文献   
957.
采用水热法制备了以氧化还原石墨烯(rGO)为载体的锰钴水滑石(LDH),即MnCo-LDH/rGO复合材料并研究其氧还原性能.在Mn/Co物质的量比为1:3的条件下,MnCo-LDH和MnCo-LDH/rGO的形貌和催化性能最为突出.与MnCo-LDH相比,MnCo-LDH/rGO在Na2SO4溶液中的氧化还原峰更加明显(-0.425V),且峰电流更大,达到0.749mA/cm2.将MnCo-LDH/rGO作为阴极,在120min内持续提供30mA/cm2的电流可使浓度为20mg/L的罗丹明B染料(RhB)降解98.6%,具备良好的降解性能.旋转圆盘(RDE)及自由基淬灭实验结果显示,反应中转移电子数为2,且主要自由基为·OH.  相似文献   
958.
嵊泗海域是舟山渔场的重要组成部分,属于国家海洋特别保护区.为了解嵊泗海域表层沉积物中16种优控PAHs(多环芳烃)的污染特征及潜在风险,于2017年6月采集了嵊泗海域18个站点的表层沉积物样品,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术确定PAHs质量分数及其分子组成,运用特征分子比值法和主成分分析法识别PAHs来源,并采用质量基准法与质量标准法对沉积物中PAHs潜在生态风险进行评价.结果表明:①除了Ace与Act外,其他14种PAHs均被检出.除A1站点外,w(Phe)最高,w(Flra)次之.检出的PAHs以3环和4环为主,占总量的71.21%,不同环数PAHs占比大小依次为3环> 4环> 5环> 2环> 6环.w(∑14PAHs)范围为46.38~196.36 ng/g,平均值为109.40 ng/g.整体分布上,嵊泗海域表层沉积物中w(∑14PAHs)呈近岸高于远岸的分布特征.②嵊泗海域表层沉积物中PAHs以煤炭、柴油和生物质等燃烧源为主,部分站点同时受到燃烧源与石油源影响.③各站点的w(∑14PAHs)均低于ERL和OEL,表明嵊泗海域潜在生态风险较小.④与国内外其他区域相比,嵊泗海域表层沉积物中w(∑14PAHs)处于较低污染水平,尚不足以对当地渔业生态环境造成负面影响,但作为我国重要"蓝色粮仓",仍应加强其陆源排放监管.   相似文献   
959.
为揭示松花江干支流表层沉积物中16种PAHs(多环芳烃)的空间分布特征及其生态风险状况,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了2017年9月松花江干支流26个表层沉积物16种PAHs质量分数特征,并采用比值法对其污染来源进行解析,运用沉积物质量基准法和质量标准法评价其生态风险状况.结果表明:①松花江干支流表层沉积物中w(∑16PAHs)为169.76~3 769.19 ng/g,以3~6环高环为主,并且支流w(∑16PAHs)(范围为169.76~3 769.19 ng/g,平均值为1 598.41 ng/g)高于干流(范围为459.92~2 092.58 ng/g,平均值为1 173.67 ng/g),呈从上游到下游逐渐降低的趋势.②松花江干支流表层沉积物中w(∑16PAHs)主要来源于生物质燃烧和石油燃烧.③松花江干支流表层沉积物中w(∑16PAHs)总体处于低生态风险水平,个别支流点位(3个)会发产生经常性生态风险.研究显示,松花江流域干支流表层沉积物中w(∑16PAHs)呈从上游到下游逐渐降低的趋势,并且支流高于干流,但总体处于低生态风险水平.   相似文献   
960.
微塑料作为一种全球性新兴污染物受到学界与社会的广泛关注.由于土壤和沉积物中的微塑料难以分离提取,目前关于微塑料的研究主要集中于水体中,而关于土壤与沉积物中微塑料的丰度、分布与环境行为尚不清楚,迫切需要一种经济、快速、可靠的前处理手段将微塑料从土壤或沉积物中分离出来进而开展检测与监测工作.油提取法不同于传统密度浮选法,其利用塑料的亲油性,使用植物油代替密度液分离土壤与沉积物中的微塑料.通过油提取法在砂土(二长花岗岩风化层残坡积物)、壤土(菜地黄棕壤)、黏土(稻田水稻土)、泥质湖泊沉积物中获得的总加标回收率分别为88.3%±6.29%、88.3%±3.82%、90.0%±2.50%、90.8%±1.44%.其中,对于密度浮选法较难提取的聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),其回收率分别为93.3%±11.6%(壤土)、96.7%±5.77%(壤土).植物油的加入会对后续微塑料的光谱表征识别产生影响,但可通过无水乙醇冲洗去除,与拉曼光谱仍具有良好的兼容性.利用该方法开展的实地研究获得黄冈市残坡积物(砂土)、武汉市菜地(壤土)、武汉市水稻田(黏土)、武汉市东湖泥质湖泊沉积物中的微塑料丰度分别为1 679、1 612、1 766、7 629个/kg.研究显示,油提取是当下密度浮选技术的可替代方案.   相似文献   
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