Determination of triazines herbicides (atrazine and simazine) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in samples of trophic chain were worked out. Determination limits of 0.5 μg g−1 for atrazine, 0.8 μg g−1 for simazine with pesticides recovery of 70–77% in trophic chain samples were obtained. The content of simazine in soils was in range 1.72–57.89 μg g−1, in grass 5–88 μg g−1, in milk 2.32–15.29 μg g−1, in cereals 10.98–387 μg g−1, in eggs 30.14–59.48 μg g−1, for fruits: 2.45–6.19 μg g−1. The content of atrazine in soils was in range 0.69–19.59 μg g−1, in grass 7.85–23.85 μg g−1, in cereals 1.88–43.08 μg g−1. Cadmium, lead and zinc were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) in the same samples as atrazine and simazine. Determination limits for cadmium 5 × 10−3 μg g−1, for lead 1 × 10−2 μg g−1, and for zinc 0.2 × 10−3 μg g−1, were obtained. The content of cadmium in soil was in range 0.13–5.89 μg g−1, in grass 114–627.72 × 10−3 μg g−1, in milk 8.88–61.88 × 10−3 μg g−1, in cereals 0.20–0.31 μg g−1, in eggs 0.11–0.15 μg g−1, in fruits 0.23–0.59 μg g−1. The content of lead in soils was in range 0.57–151.50 μg g−1, in grass 0.16–136.57 μg g−1, in milk 1.16–3.74 μg g−1, in cereals 1.05–5.47 μg g−1, in eggs 5.79–55.87 μg g−1, in fruits 21.00–87.36 μg g−1. Zinc content in soil was in range 9.15–424.5 μg g−1, in grass 35.20–55.87 μg g−1, in milk 20.00–34.38 μg g−1, in cereals 14.94–28.78 μg g−1, in eggs 15.67–32.01 μg g−1, in fruits 14.94–18.88 μg g−1.
Described below extraction and mineralization methods for particular trophic chains allowed to determine of atrazine, simazine, cadmium, lead and zinc with good repeatability and precision. Emphasis was focused on liquid–liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction of atrazine and simazine from analysed materials, as well as, on monitoring the content of herbicides and metals in soil and along trophic chain. Higher concentration of pesticides in samples from west region of Poland in comparison to that of east region is likely related to common applying them in Western Europe in relation to East Europe. The content of metals strongly depends on samples origin (industry area, vicinity of motorways). 相似文献
A total of 713 research papers about field monitor experiments of heavy metals in farmland and urban soils in China, published from 2000 to 2019, were obtained. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the level of China's heavy metal pollution in soils, mainly focusing on eight heavy metals. It was found that the average concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) in China were 0.19, 30.74, 85.86, 25.81, 0.074, 67.37, 27.77 and 8.89 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the background value (0.097 mg/kg), the Cd content showed a twofold (0.19 mg/kg) rise in farmland soils and a threefold (0.29 mg/kg) rise in urban soils. The decreasing order of the mean Igeo was Cd (1.77) > Pb (0.62) > Zn (0.60) > Cu (0.58) > Hg (0.57) > Cr (0.54) > Ni (0.47) > As (0.28). Nearly 33.54% and 44.65% of sites in farmland and urban soils were polluted with Cd. The average concentrations of eight heavy metals were not sensitive change in recent two decades in farmland and urban soils. The average Pn values for urban (2.52) and farmland (2.15) soils showed that heavy metal pollution in urban soils was more serious than that in farmland, and the middle Yangtze River regions, where industrial activity dominates, were the most polluted. The meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the current pollution situation of soil heavy metal, and provided important basis for soil management and environment prevention in China. 相似文献
The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure (proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (SM&T) of
the European Union) was applied to seven topsoil samples from refuse dump sites for the determination of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and
Cd. The metals were partitioned into four operationally defined chemical fractions: acid extractable, reducible, oxidizable
and residual, and analysed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, FAAS.
The results were compared with total metal concentrations obtained using HNO3, HClO4 and HF digestion procedures. Results for total metal analysis ranged from - 15.55 to 43.45 for Cu, 37.15 to 222.35 for Zn,
5.15 to 12.10 for Ni, 10.30 to 93.05 for Pb and 0.35 to 3.75 for Cd in μgg−1 dry weight. The results of the partitioning study showed that zinc prevailed in the more soluble fractions and was distributed
between the acid-extractable (32.4%) and the reducible (40.3%) fractions, whereas Pb was distributed mainly in the reducible
fraction. Copper and nickel were predominantly associated with the reducible and residual fractions - 53.4, 33.3 and 51.1,
24.1% respectively. The ranking of the four fractions for the partitioning of cadmium was: reducible > residual > oxidizable
> acid extractable. The percentage recovery for all metals when comparing total metal concentration with the fractional sum
of the optimized BCR procedure, were of the order: Zn(93%) > Pb(83%) > Cu(78) > Cd > (68%) > Ni(63%). 相似文献