1996—2017年雨洪管理研究发展态势分析——基于文献计量方法

为了解雨洪管理领域最新的研究发展态势,本文采用文献计量方法,以Web of Science（WOS）中的核心合集数据库为准,分析了1996-2017年国内外雨洪管理领域的研究情况,识别国内外主要的研究领域、主要研究机构及人员,并对领域内的关键词及国家间合作情况进行了简要分析,在此基础上总结近年来国际雨洪管理领域的研究态势,主要结论为：整体上近年来雨洪管理领域研究规模和学术影响力呈良好发展态势;大多数文献类型为学术论文;语言大多集中在英语;论文主要集中在气象学、环境科学、地理学、计算机科学等领域;从国家研究实力来看,美国在该领域占有绝对的优势;高被引论文主要发表在高质量的综合类期刊上,发文期刊仍以水文学、环境类期刊为主;对于关键词的分析表明目前该领域的研究仍重点集中在城市化、SWMM、径流、温度、水文学等.在当今城市化问题仍然突出的情况下,雨洪管理领域仍有较大的发展空间,尤其对于模型方法和气候变化研究有待突破与创新.     

工业管道中丙烯酸酯类物质的监测与分析

首次提出了一种运用大气采样同时结合气质联用仪器和霍尼韦尔废气处理系统对工业废气,尤其是对丙烯酸酯类气体物质进行定性、定量的分析方法.通过实验,计算出了该霍尼韦尔废气处理系统对丙烯酸酯类物质蒸气的处理能力约为1kg.h-1,同时还验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

厦门西海域、同安湾入海污染负荷估算研究

主要利用采用GIS、经验排污系数法和经验模型法,对厦门湾的西海域和同安湾两个海域的陆源、海上水产养殖和大气输入源的入海污染负荷进行估算,得出这两个海域的CODMn、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)年入海污染通量和入海污染负荷.估算结果显示,厦门湾的入海污染负荷主要来自于陆源污染源,所占比例在75.2%以上,大气沉降污染源次之...     

亚硝化颗粒污泥中EPS提取方法与组成特性的比较研究

以异养型好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)、普通活性污泥(AS)和厌氧颗粒污泥(An GS)为参照,考察了5种方法对亚硝化颗粒污泥(GNS)中胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取效果,以选出最佳方法,并通过测定蛋白质(PN)/多糖(PS)含量、三维荧光(3D-EEMs)与傅里叶红外(FT-IR)图谱,比较分析了GNS中EPS的组成特性.结果表明,甲醛-Na OH法能在有效保护细胞结构的同时,获得较高的EPS提取效率,而耗时更短的甲醛-热碱法对GNS也同样适用.尽管亚硝化颗粒污泥的EPS总量低于其他污泥样品,但高比例的PS成分有利于自养型微生物的固着生长.从可溶性微生物代谢产物(λEx/λEm=250~310 nm/320~380 nm)和芳香类蛋白质(λEx/λEm=200~250 nm/280~380 nm)所对应的荧光峰强度及红外图谱可知,GNS具有比AS更高的微生物活性和更丰富的结构性蛋白,且EPS组成更为简单.     

Comparing results of cultured and uncultured biological methods used in biological phosphorus removal

Increasing attention has been paid to phosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs)for their important role in biological phosphorus removal.In this study,microbial communities of PAOs cultivated under different carbon sources(sewage,glucose,and sodium acetate) were investigated and compared through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods,respectively.The results obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments revealed that the diversity of bacteria in a sewage-fed reactor(1#)was much higher than in a glucose-fed one(2#)and a sodium acetate-fed one(3#);there were common PAOs in three reactors fed by different carbon sources.Five strains were separated from three systems by using a phosphate- rich medium;they were from common bacteria isolated and three isolates could not be found in DGGE profile at all.Two isolates had good phosphorus removal ability.When the microbial diversity was studied,the molecular biological method was better than the culture-dependent one.When phosphorus removal characteristics were investigated,culture-dependent approach was more effective. Thus a combination of two methods is necessary to have a comprehensive view of PAOs.     

恶臭气体的生物处理技术

叙述了各种生物脱臭的处理方法及其优、缺点以及提高生物脱臭效率的途径，同时还介绍了一些生物脱臭法的最新研究成果和发展方向。     

土壤重金属分析方法间检测结果一致性判断方法——数据对t值检验法的改进与完善

不同分析方法测定结果间的比较,或者说如何判断两种分析方法测定结果的一致性,是检测实验室经常遇到的实际问题。其应用场景包括方法标准验证实验、新方法与经典方法间的比对,特别是在缺少标准样品、测试数据不满足t值检验的条件下,选用合适的判据尤其重要。以采用单波长激发型能量色散X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和水系沉积物样品中Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Co、V、Mn、Mo、Sb等重金属含量所得数据为例,探讨了《环境监测分析方法标准制订技术导则》(HJ 168—2020)附录B中规定的"数据对t值检验法"的不足及改进办法,即用数据对相对偏差和再现性限合格率作为判据,判断分析方法测定结果的一致性。对一组验证样品分别用两种分析方法进行了测定,在数据对t值检验的基础上,取各元素测定结果的相对偏差与相关限值进行比较,或者取两者的差值与基准分析方法标准规定的再现性限进行比较,利用合格率大小协助判断了两分析方法测定结果的一致性。研究结果表明,此方法符合日常质控技术规范中关于精密度的规定,实用性强,是一条将数理统计原理与专业知识相结合的合理技术路线。     

The Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE): A bibliometric review and futur trends

The phenomenon “Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion” (BLEVE) is one of the most common accidental events in the chemical industry and in the transport of dangerous goods. A bibliographic search in the Web of Science Core Collection reported 375 publications related to BLEVEs from 1979 to the present (August 10, 2022). A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer tool to allow a better understanding of the scientific knowledge on this phenomenon. A comprehensive overview of BLEVE research is presented in terms of annual publication, top journals, countries/regions with the highest productivity, authors and their cooperation networks, key terms, and co-citation analysis. The 375 publications cover 691 authors, 83 journals, 44 countries or territories and 290 institutions. The key publication (highest number of citations and co-citations) for understanding the BLEVE phenomenon is. The results obtained constitute a snapshot of the current state of the art on BLEVEs and can be applied to improve the understanding of research on this topic and establish new trends of research.     

An improved grey wolf optimizer algorithm for identification and location of gas emission

Identification of the leakage of hazardous gases plays an important role in the environment protection, human health and safety of industry production. However, lots of current optimization algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), suffer from poor global optimization capability and estimation accuracy. In this work, a hybrid differential evolutionary and GWO (DE-GWO) algorithm is proposed. Tested by simulation cases and Prairie Grass emission experimental data, DE-GWO shows higher estimation accuracy than GWO. Compared with the other four optimization algorithms, DE-GWO exhibits finer robust stability under different population sizes, fewer iterations, as well as higher estimation accuracy with fewer search agents. Importantly, simulation results demonstrate that DE-GWO is more suitable to apply in the scene with a small number of sensors. Therefore, the proposed in this paper outperforms other optimization algorithms for the gas emission inverse problem. DE-GWO can provide reliable estimation towards gas emission identification and positioning, which shows huge potential as the data analysis module of real-time monitoring and early warning system.     

沿海设施环境适应性试验和评价方法研究进展

概述了沿海设施所服役的腐蚀环境分类，主要分为海洋大气、浪花飞溅区及海水浸泡区，并对其暴露于大气和不同海洋环境位置的环境适应性试验评估方法进行了系统的总结分析。海洋大气环境模拟采用干湿交替加速腐蚀法，或建立户外大气暴露试验台开展试验；海水飞溅区试验通过实验室建海水冲刷试验装置进行模拟试验，或在实际环境中建立腐蚀试验中心开展试验；海水浸泡环境模拟通过海洋工程深水试验池开展试验。本研究对于开展海洋环境钢结构设施的防护性能考核评估具有重要意义，对沿海设施的环境适应评估方法发展具有指导意义。