利用具有热值的工业固废生产固体燃料的探讨

工业企业每年产生大量的固体废物,如果把企业排放的具有热值的废弃物(废塑料覆膜、水处理浮渣)充分利用,研究、开发、生产配合型RDF固体燃料,仅汕头市澄海区每年将可生产相当于约50000t煤热量的固体燃料。它具有减容量90%以上,可实现资源化和能量回收的优点,二次污染问题又能得到有效的控制,在减少环境污染的同时,其经济效益、社会环境效益都具有很强的吸引力,值得探讨。     

人工湿地脱氮除磷特性研究

针对流域水体富营养化加剧和二级处理水氮磷指标较高的问题,提出以人工湿地对二级出水继续低耗、理想地脱氮除磷。研究中通过对照不同进水水质条件下,不同结构人工湿地的脱氮除磷效能,探讨了人工湿地内的主要脱氮除磷途径。研究表明,表面流湿地内植物对氨氮吸收／吸附和硝化过程为主要氮转化途径,潜流湿地内直接反硝化过程为主要脱氮途径,脱氮效率30％～40％;磷在人工湿地内主要依赖除磷填料床的物化吸附、共沉淀去除,除磷效率达80％以上。     

基于环境试验方法的环境应力对塑料产品质量的影响研究

本文介绍了环境试验方法、内容和应用范围,详细阐述了环境试验中环境应力引起的失效模式及其对塑料产品质量的影响。     

Rn concentration in public secondary schools in Galicia (Spain)

In the framework of a ²²²Rn screening campaign that was carried out in 58 public secondary schools in Galicia (NW Spain), the largest radon-prone area in the Iberian Peninsula, a positive correlation between indoor ²²²Rn concentration and outdoor gamma exposure rate was obtained. A new approach to the data acquisition in screening surveys was tested, improving the performances of this type of study and gathering useful data for future remedial actions. Using short-period detectors (charcoal canisters) firstly, in order to detect places showing ²²²Rn concentrations over 400 Bq m⁻³, the number of locations to be measured with long-period detectors (etched track detectors) is reduced. In this screening campaign, 34% of the schools surveyed presented at least one site exceeding the 400 Bq m⁻³ recommended action level established by the EU, and 15% had at least one site with ²²²Rn values over 800 Bq m⁻³. The maximum value recorded was 2084 ± 63 Bq m⁻³. These results are discussed and compared with data obtained in schools of several countries with similar geology. Seven schools were also studied for seasonal variations of ²²²Rn activity concentration. The results were not conclusive, and no significant correlation between season and ²²²Rn concentration was established. Finally, a continuous ²²²Rn concentration monitor was placed in the secondary school exhibiting a mean value of the ²²²Rn concentration very close to 400 Bq m⁻³. Maximum ²²²Rn concentration values were found to occur at times when the school was unoccupied.     

“限塑令”对塑料袋回收利用影响的分析

针对我国塑料袋回收利用的现状及案例调研显示,“限塑令”对塑料袋的回收利用具有促进作用;但“限塑令”实施的预期效果目前尚不明显。“限塑令”有待进一步推广,相应的回收利用体系也亟待建设与健全。     

轨道交通荷载下路基土的动力学行为研究进展

随着高速铁路、城际列车、地铁和轻轨等快速轨道交通的迅速发展,以及既有铁路列车提速,列车高速运行引起的地基振动、永久变形以及一系列相关的土动力学和岩土工程问题已经成为亟待解决的关键问题。通过对国内外关于轨道交通荷载作用下地基土的动力响应的理论研究、现场测试、土的动力特性以及地基土的永久变形研究进行评述,分析和总结了目前轨道交通荷载作用下路基土研究中存在的问题,并提出了尚需进一步研究的建议。     

The essential oil qualitative and quantitative composition in the needles of Pinus sylvestris L. growing along industrial transects

The aim of this study was to evaluate composition of the essential oils in the needles of Pinus sylvestris growing in the areas affected by a cement factory (CF), and an oil refinery (OR). Volatile components of the needles were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The most heavily polluted CF stand had significantly higher concentration of gamma-Terpinene, Caryophyllene oxide in the current-year needles, while higher concentration of delta-3-Carene, alpha-Terpinene, gamma-Terpinene and Terpinolene was documented for 1-year-old needles. The most heavily polluted OR stand had a significantly higher concentration of Sabinene+beta-Pinene, 1-epi-Cubenol in the current-year needles and a significantly higher concentration of Camphene, Sabinene+beta-Pinene, Myrcene, alpha-Cadinene, 1-epi-Cubenol in the 1-year-old needles than the least polluted site. Along transects an increase in the amount of some diterpenes and a decrease in the components of the shorter chain essential oils was observed. These effects could be at least partially attributed to SO(2).     

微型自动塑限仪研制初探

通过设计由搅拌装置、滚搓装置组成的塑限仪,来测定粘性土的塑限含水率.该仪器的研制与应用,将解放传统意义上的手工操作方式,达到逐渐消除试验中的人为影响,严格规范试验测定的科学性、准确性,提高试验工作效率的目的.     

给定整体坡率时岩质边坡开挖参数的研究

工程边坡的开挖往往都受到场地和征地条件的限制,因而给坡形的设计带来很大麻烦,而在选取边坡设计参数值时,大多是根据经验或者是采取工程地质比拟方法,缺乏理论依据,设计结果往往不理想。本文针对随机结构面的岩质边坡,从理论分析的角度出发,采用数值分析的方法,对比分析了在同样的整体坡率条件下,台阶平台宽度和台阶高度不同时边坡体的位移、应力和塑性区的变化情况,并充分考虑了边坡经过开挖后的稳定性和经济性,为合理的工程开挖提供理论依据。     

废旧聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能研究

介绍了废旧聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能。以废旧聚乙烯为原材料,通过与超细白炭黑进行纳米复合,制备高性能纳米复合材料;利用木粉、竹粉、稻糠等植物纤维与其进行木塑复合,制备环保型木塑复合材料;重点研究了多单体接枝共聚物在复合材料中的界面改性作用。