n(NO3--N)/n(NO2--N)对混培养菌与纯培养菌同步脱氮除硫的影响

在温度30℃、pH为7、硫氮比为5/3、厌氧条件下,对比研究了不同n(NO-3-N)/n(NO-2-N)对荧光假单胞菌和铜绿假单胞菌混培养菌同步脱氮除硫影响.随着n(NO-3-N)/n(NO-2-N)减小,荧光假单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌对NOx-N去除率逐渐增高,而S2-去除率却依次减少,混培养菌对NOx-N去除效率先增加后趋于平稳.n(NO-3-N)/n(NO-2-N)对混培养菌去除S2-几乎没有影响.荧光假单胞菌能迅速将NO-3-N转化为NO-2-N,但NO-2-N转为N2却相对缓慢,培养液中出现NO-2-N累积;而铜绿假单胞菌将NO-2-N还原N2的能力明显比荧光假单胞菌强,培养液未反应的NOx-N以NO-3-N为主,未出现NO-2-N累积.混培养菌对NOx-N转化的情况介于荧光假单胞菌与铜绿假单胞菌之间.荧光假单胞菌同时获得较高NOx-N、S2-去除的n(NO-3-N)/n(NO-2-N)为5/5,铜绿假单胞菌为10/0,混培养菌为5.0/5.0.混培养菌对NOx-N、S2-的同步去除效果优于单菌株荧光假单胞菌和铜绿假单胞菌.     

A Case Study of Landholder Attitudes and Behaviour Toward the Conservation of Renosterveld,a Critically Endangered Vegetation Type in Cape Floral Kingdom,South Africa

The attitudes and behaviours of private landholders toward the conservation of a highly transformed and critically endangered habitat, Overberg Coastal Renosterveld (OCR) (a grassy shrubland of the Cape Floral Region, South Africa) are described. Personal, semistructured interviews were conducted with landholders, representing 40 properties in the Overberg region, on topics such as management and utilisation of OCR, the depth of their knowledge of its conservation importance, what they perceive its value to be, and the extent of their willingness to conserve it. General attitudes toward conservation incentives and provincial conservation authorities were also investigated. Farmers more willing to conserve were younger, did not necessarily have a better education, and owned larger farms (>500 ha) with a greater amount of remnant renosterveld (>300 ha) than those less willing to conserve. Attitudes toward the OCR were largely negative, related to associated problem plants and animals and the fact that it is believed not to be economically advantageous to retain it. However, farmers are of the opinion that provision of incentives and increased extension support will provide practical positive inducements for conservation. Landholder education is paramount to prevent further transformation of critically endangered habitats. The success of private-conservation programs depends on the attitudes of landowners toward (1) the particular habitat or species to be conserved (which can vary depending on the type of land use practised and the associated benefits and disadvantages of that habitat type); (2) the conservation agency or extension officers responsible for that area; and (3) willingness of landowners to participate in a conservation program, which is influenced by landowner age, farm size, and the amount of natural habitat left to conserve.     

泥石流堵河影响因素研究——以岷江上游为例

以岷江上游为研究区,选取堵河型泥石流沟4条、堵塞型和不堵河型泥石流沟各2条,在详细分析和比较8条典型泥石流的流域特征、一次有代表性的泥石流过程的泥石流流体特征及沟口处主河特征的基础上,结合专家问卷调查,得出了与泥石流堵河关系较为密切的因素,它们是:泥石流规模、堆积区主河宽度、泥石流沟床比降、泥石流流量、入汇处主河流量、泥石流颗粒级配、入汇处主河比降、泥石流粘度、重度、泥石流沟与主河夹角、泥石流暴发频率等。     

The Application of Chemical Leasing Business Models in Mexico

- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.02.294 Background, Aim and Scope. To better address the requirements of the changing multilateral order, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Cleaner Production Programme, in 2004, developed the new Sustainable Industrial Resource Management (SIRM) approach. This approach is in accordance with the principles decided at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. Unlike the traditional approaches to environmental management, the SIRM concept captures the idea of achieving sustainable industrial development through the implementation of circular material and energy flows in the entire production chain and reduction of the amount of material and energy used with greater efficiency solutions. The SIRM approach seeks to develop new models to encourage a shift from selling products to supplying services, modifying, in this manner, the supplier/user relationship and resulting in a win-win situation for the economy and the environment. Chemical Leasing represents such a new service-oriented business model and is currently being promoted by UNIDO′s Cleaner Production Programme. Main Features. One of the potential approaches to address the problems related to ineffective use and over-consumption of chemicals is the development and implementation of Chemical Leasing business models. These provide concrete solutions to the effective management of chemicals and on the ways negative releases to the environment can be reduced. The Chemical Leasing approach is a strategy that addresses the obligations of the changing international chemicals policy by focusing on a more service-oriented strategy. Mexico is one of the countries that were selected for the implementation of UNIDO's demonstration project to promote Chemical Leasing models in the country. The target sector of this project is the chemical industry, which is expected to shift their traditional business concept towards a more service and value-added approach. This is being achieved through the development of company specific business models that implement the above-indicated Chemical Leasing concept with the support from the Mexican National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC). Results and Conclusions. The implementation of Chemical Leasing in Mexico has proven to be an efficient instrument in enhancing sustainable chemical management and significantly reducing emissions in Mexico. Several companies from the chemical industrial sector implement or agreed to implement chemical leasing business models. Based on the positive findings of the project, several Mexican companies started to negotiate contents of possible Chemical Leasing contracts with suitable business partners. The project further aimed at disseminating information on Chemical Leasing. It successfully attracted globally operating companies in the chemicals sector to explore possibilities to implement Chemical Leasing business models in Mexico. At the international level, the results of the UNIDO project were presented on 20TH September 2005 during a side event of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) Preparation Conference in Vienna. Recommendations and Outlook. To facilitate the promotion and application of Chemical Leasing project at international level, UNIDO is currently developing a number of tools to standardize Chemical Leasing projects. These include, among others, Chemical leasing contract models; Chemical Leasing data base to find partners for chemical leasing; and guidelines to implement Chemical Leasing projects and work programmes.     

Recreational Portage Trails as Corridors Facilitating Non-Native Plant Invasions of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (U.S.A.)

Abstract:  Wilderness areas are protected and valued in part for recreation; recreational use, however, can negatively impact these areas. In particular, recreational use can facilitate transport of non-native propagules and create open sites for establishment of non-native species. We examined the role of recreational portage trails in the introduction and establishment of non-native plants into the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of northern Minnesota (U.S.A.). On 20 portages, we sampled non-native plant richness and cover at four distances (0, 10, 25, and 50 m) from trails. Non-native richness and cover were not related to distance from wilderness entry point. Non-native richness and cover were, however, negatively related to distance from trails. All six non-native species we observed were either directly on or within 1 m of trails. These results suggest that recreational trails act as corridors facilitating invasions of non-native plants into wilderness areas. It remains unclear, however, whether these effects are caused by dispersal of propagules, creation of bare ground, or changes in the native plant community.     

公务员录用分配方案探讨

针对现行公务员录用分配制度存在的问题，通过细致的分析，探讨关于公务员录用分配的最佳策略．决策过程中以应聘者能力与各部门要求的偏差为标准，建立模型，且考虑所有应聘者的意愿时，分三种情况进行讨论：都服从志愿调配；都不服从志愿调配；既有服从调配的、又有不服从志愿调配的，使模型更接近实际情况．     

Isolation of culturable mycobiota from agricultural soils and determination of tolerance to glyphosate of nontoxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi strains

Glyphosate-based herbicides are extensively used in Argentina's agricultural system to control undesirable weeds. This study was conducted to evaluate the culturable mycobiota [colony forming units (CFU) g^?1 and frequency of fungal genera or species] from an agricultural field exposed to pesticides. In addition, we evaluated the tolerance of A. oryzae and nontoxigenic A. flavus strains to high concentrations (100 to 500 mM – 17,000 to 84,500 ppm) of a glyphosate commercial formulation. The analysis of the mycobiota showed that the frequency of the main fungal genera varied according to the analyzed sampling period. Aspergillus spp. or Aspergillus section Flavi strains were isolated from 20 to 100% of the soil samples. Sterilia spp. were also observed throughout the sampling (50 to 100%). Aspergillus section Flavi tolerance assays showed that all of the tested strains were able to develop at the highest glyphosate concentration tested regardless of the water availability conditions. In general, significant reductions in growth rates were observed with increasing concentrations of the herbicide. However, a complete inhibition of fungal growth was not observed with the concentrations assayed. This study contributes to the knowledge of culturable mycobiota from agricultural soils exposed to pesticides and provides evidence on the effective growth ability of A. oryzae and nontoxigenic A. flavus strains exposed to high glyphosate concentrations in vitro.     

阪神地震造成的河流损害及对策

介绍了１９９５年日本阪神７．２级地震造成的河流损害、防止次生灾害采取的紧急对策及修复方案，以供我国研究防御地震次生灾害参考。     

日地环境对人类自发攻击性事件的影响

考察了日地空间物理环境扰动与人类自发攻击性群体性事件发生率之间相关性。统计分析发现，两者之间的相关程度很高，历元叠加后相关系数可达０．８４和０．７９、这表明日地空间物理环境对人类攻击性本能和情绪具有显著的调节作用，导致全球自发攻击性群体事件年发生率具有１１ａ准周期波动特征。其作用机制可能是地磁场活动和大气温度的影响。