Research on the transmission mechanism of low-carbon policies: an empirical study of agricultural companies

Companies bear primary responsibility for low-carbon economy, thus relevant low-carbon policies should be set properly to guide them and to ensure their low-carbon production effectively. To solve the problems generated during low-carbon development, this article verifies the existence of the transmission path and strength. This verification includes mediating variables of companies’ willingness and capacity to conduct low-carbon production, a transmission mechanism through incentive path and resources protection, and questionnaire data of agricultural companies. Conclusions show that the low-carbon policies have obvious positive effects on willingness of corporation; the basic service-oriented policy has a significantly promoting effect on low-carbon production capacity; and low-carbon production performance is positively influenced by willingness as well as capability. Aiming at a better transmission path, some corresponding recommendations have been put forward in the end.     

气候变化背景下人类活动对承德接坝区植被净初级生产力的影响

承德接坝区位于农牧过渡区,对气候变化和人类活动极为敏感.以植被净初级生产力(NPP)作为评价指标,基于Thornthwaite Memorial模型计算潜在NPP和MODIS NPP遥感影像获取实际NPP数据,利用潜在NPP与实际NPP间的差值衡量人类活动作用下NPP的大小,运用Slope趋势和变异系数法分析实际NPP、潜在NPP和人类活动作用下NPP的变化趋势及稳定性分布,并采用相关系数法分析实际NPP与年降水量和年均气温间的相关性,最终量化气候变化和人类活动对该区域植被变化的影响.结果表明,潜在NPP自西北向东南递增,其变化趋势和稳定性均为自西向东递增.实际NPP与年降水量和年均气温呈正相关区域面积占比分别是99.87%和91.66%.该区域99.85%的植被得到改善且变化稳定,主要是由气候因素和人类活动共同主导(99.71%),而植被退化完全是由人为因素所导致(0.15%).     

接种比例对酒糟与餐厨垃圾混合厌氧发酵产沼气的影响

采用酒糟与餐厨垃圾作为混合发酵物料,并接种消化污泥进行厌氧干式发酵,比较接种比例(inoculum to substrate ratios,ISRs)(VS质量比)分别为0.5、0.8、1.0、2.0时的甲烷产率和产量、体系VFA、碱度、游离氨等指标。结果表明:接种比例的提高可有效提高甲烷产生速率,缩短发酵周期,减弱较高浓度VFA引起的抑制作用。当ISRs=1.0时产甲烷效果较好,累计产甲烷率为222.58mL/g,VS去除率达83.4%,继续增加接种比例对发酵效果影响不显著。此外,试验中适宜的VFA/碱度值为0.3～1.2,过大或过小都有可能抑制产甲烷过程。     

Evaluation of the water quality of the Hakata River based on diatoms

We investigated the epilithic diatom assemblage of samples collected from three sites of the Hakata River, Fukuoka, Japan, on November 26, 2008. Each taxon was photographed and identified. The 1747 diatom frustules collected were classified into 33 taxa belonging to 17 genera. Nitzschia fonticola was abundant at all sites. The DAIpo (the diatom assemblage index to organic water pollution) values for sites 1, 2, and 3 were 50.2, 44.1 and 48.0, respectively, indicating that the water quality of the Hakata River was at β-mesosaprobic level.     

流域生态补偿意愿的WTP与WTA差异性研究: 基于辽河中游地区居民的CVM调查

如何揭示利益相关者生态补偿的真实意愿不但是生态系统服务支付研究的难点问题,也是政府及管理部门制定生态补偿政策的关键问题。为此,论文通过对辽河流域中游地区的7个主要城市进行实地调研,采用条件价值评估法,利用同一受访者同时测量其支付意愿值(WTP)和受偿意愿值(WTA)的技术手段来检验其真实补偿意愿,研究结果显示,受访地区居民保护流域生态环境和水资源的WTP为59.39元／(人·a),WTA为248.56／(人·a);同时,针对同一受访者给出的WTP与WTA之间的较大差异性利用回归分析方法,得出其呈现不对称性的主要原因是受访者的收入水平和年龄。最后,在对研究结果进行差异性分析的基础上,提出了辽河流域生态补偿意愿差异性的研究结论和政策建议。     

煤化工有机废水处理技术探讨—以煤制气项目为例

文章以煤制气项目为例,介绍了煤化工项目生产中有机废水的来源及特性,探讨了三种常用的煤化工废水处理方法。总结出多级生物处理法在煤制气有机废水处理的实用性,对今后煤制气有机废水处理的工作起到一定的指导意义。     

Seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer affected by the deep convection, surface pollutants and precipitation

The Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer (ATAL) refers to an accumulation of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during boreal summer over Asia, which has a fundamental impact on the monsoon system and climate change. In this study, we primarily analyze the seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the ATAL and the factors potentially influencing those variations based on MERRA2 reanalysis. The ability of the reanalysis to reproduce the ATAL is well validated by CALIPSO observations from May to October 2016. The results reveal that the ATAL has a synchronous spatiotemporal pattern with the development and movement of the Asian Summer Monsoon. Significant enhancement of ATAL intensity is found during the prevailing monsoon period of July–August, with two maxima centered over South Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Owing to the fluctuations of deep convection, the ATAL shows an episodic variation on a timescale of 7–12 days. Attribution analysis indicates that deep convection dominates the variability of the ATAL with a contribution of 62.7%, followed by a contribution of 36.6% from surface pollutants. The impact of precipitation is limited. The ATAL further shows a clear diurnal variation: the peak of ATAL intensity occurs from 17:30 to 23:30 local time (LT), when the deep convection becomes strongest; the minimum ATAL intensity occurs around 8:30 LT owing to the weakened deep convection and photochemical reactions in clouds. The aerosol components of the ATAL show different spatiotemporal patterns and imply that black carbon and organic carbon come mainly from India, whereas sulfate comes mainly from China during the prevailing monsoon period.     

巢湖水域四溴双酚A的多介质迁移与归趋模拟

运用Ⅲ级逸度模型,模拟并研究了不同水动力条件下四溴双酚A（TBBPA）在巢湖水-沉积物系统中各环境相的浓度、储量以及相间的迁移通量.结果表明：TBBPA在水相、再悬浮颗粒相和沉积物相中的模拟计算浓度与实测平均浓度吻合度较高,验证了模型的有效性,并通过灵敏度分析探讨了模拟关键参数.当系统达到平衡时,沉积物是TBBPA最大的储库（占系统总储量86%以上）.同时,由于较强的水动力条件会改变系统再悬浮特征以及降解半衰期等关键参数,进而降低了各环境相中TBBPA的浓度值,增加了水相和再悬浮颗粒相中的储量比例,并增加了水体-再悬浮颗粒、沉积物-再悬浮颗粒的相间交换通量.此外,TBBPA在巢湖水-沉积物系统中损失的主要途径为沉积物相的降解（占入湖总量87%以上）.     

Ultrasensitive and selective 4-aminophenol chemical sensor development based on nickel oxide nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotube nanocomposites for green environment

Nickel oxide nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotube nanocomposites(Ni O·CNT NCs)were prepared in a basic medium by using facile wet-chemical routes. The optical,morphological, and structural properties of Ni O·CNT NCs were characterized using Fourier transformed infra-red(FT-IR), Ultra-violet visible(UV/Vis) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), X-ray energy dispersed spectroscopy(XEDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and powder X-ray diffraction(XRD) methods. Selective4-aminophenol(4-AP) chemical sensor was developed by a flat glassy carbon electrode(GCE, surface area: 0.0316 cm~2) fabricated with a thin-layer of NCs. Electrochemical responses including higher sensitivity, large dynamic range(LDR), limit of detection(LOD), and long-term stability towards 4-AP were obtained using the fabricated chemical sensors. The calibration curve was found linear(R~2= 0.914) over a wide range of 4-AP concentration(0.1 nmol/L–0.1 mol/L). In perspective of slope(2 × 10~(-5)μA/μM), LOD and sensitivity were calculated as 15.0 ± 0.1 pM and ~ 6.33 × 10~(-4)μA/(μM·cm) respectively. The synthesized Ni O·CNT NCs using a wet-chemical method is a significant route for the development of ultrasensitive and selective phenolic sensor based on nano-materials for environmental toxic substances. It is suggested that a pioneer and selective development of 4-AP sensitive sensor using Ni O·CNT NCs by a facile and reliable current vs voltage(I–V)method for the major application of toxic agents in biological, green environmental, and health-care fields in near future.     

南京市秋季细颗粒物及臭氧生成敏感性初探

为考察江苏省南部地区重点排放源对南京市秋季细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的贡献率及O_3生成敏感性,采用强力法针对特定排放源及污染物设置不同的排放情景,利用化学传输模拟系统Models-3/Community Multi-scale Air Quality(CMAQ)分析模拟区域内不同情景下地表PM_(2.5)及O_3浓度变化。2012年10月,电厂、钢铁和水泥的污染物排放对南京市PM_(2.5)浓度的平均贡献率分别为6.0%、25.5%和15.9%,对国控站点的贡献率分别为7.2%、17.7%和16.2%。钢铁对下风向区域的地表PM_(2.5)浓度的影响显著高于电厂及水泥部门的排放。从不同情境下模拟O_3地表浓度变化结果看出,南京市城区及下风向区域的O_3浓度随VOC排放削减降低,随NO_x排放削减升高,因而判定南京市秋季O_3生成属于VOC控制区。