VA菌根菌与植物的抗病性

VA菌根菌（VAM菌）与植物土传病害的关系受到广泛的研究。本文从VAM菌对植物抗病性的影响及其可能性机理和相应的农业管理措施等方面进行了介绍和评述,同时提出问题和展望,并强调该方面的研究在可持续发展农业中的重要性。     

An indicator for effects of organic toxicants on lotic invertebrate communities: Independence of confounding environmental factors over an extensive river continuum

Distinguishing between effects of natural and anthropogenic environmental factors on ecosystems is a fundamental problem in environmental science. In river systems the longitudinal gradient of environmental factors is one of the most relevant sources of dissimilarity between communities that could be confounded with anthropogenic disturbances. To test the hypothesis that in macroinvertebrate communities the distribution of species' sensitivity to organic toxicants is independent of natural longitudinal factors, but depends on contamination with organic toxicants, we analysed the relationship between community sensitivity SPEAR_organic (average community sensitivity to organic toxicants) and natural and anthropogenic environmental factors in a large-scale river system, from alpine streams to a lowland river. The results show that SPEAR_organic is largely independent of natural longitudinal factors, but strongly dependent on contamination with organic toxicants (petrochemicals and synthetic surfactants). Usage of SPEAR_organic as a stressor-specific longitude-independent measure will facilitate detection of community disturbance by organic toxicants.     

Dynamic modeling of organophosphate pesticide load in surface water in the northern San Joaquin Valley watershed of California

The hydrology, sediment, and pesticide transport components of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) were evaluated on the northern San Joaquin Valley watershed of California. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients for monthly stream flow and sediment load ranged from 0.49 to 0.99 over the watershed during the study period of 1992-2005. The calibrated SWAT model was applied to simulate fate and transport processes of two organophosphate pesticides of diazinon and chlorpyrifos at watershed scale. The model generated satisfactory predictions of dissolved pesticide loads relative to the monitoring data. The model also showed great success in capturing spatial patterns of dissolved diazinon and chlorpyrifos loads according to the soil properties and landscape morphology over the large agricultural watershed. This study indicated that curve number was the major factor influencing the hydrology while pesticide fate and transport were mainly affected by surface runoff and pesticide application and in the study area.     

混杂纤维混凝土高温性能研究

根据近年来对纤维混凝土高温性能的试验研究,分析了纤维对混凝土高温性能的影响,探讨了纤维混凝土在高温下的力学性能及合理的纤维掺量,以期为今后混杂纤维混凝土的高温性能研究及其应用起到指导作用。     

复杂地形大气污染扩散模式选用研究

在大气环境影响评价中,大气扩散和大气湍流受地形因素的影响较大。在以往的大气环境影响评价中,往往只利用现有的理论模型把实际的情况理想化,公式化导致预测的结果和实际情况有较大偏差。地形越简单,偏差越小;地形越复杂,偏差越大。针对以上情况,从相关的模型入手,主要探讨复杂地形条件下,污染物在大气中的扩散,从而研究复杂地形因素在大气环境影响评价等级判定中的应用。通过分析扩散模型的原理及参数、大气稳定度、扩散参数、复杂地形的处理和建筑物下洗等,得出2008版大气技术导则在原理和技术上,比1993版的大气技术导则的先进性、优越性及在今后环境影响评价工作中应注意的细节。本研究的成果对大气环境影响评价工作将起到极大的促进作用。     

区域土地整理对生态系统的影响及补偿

为了降低土地整理对生态系统影响的负面效应,提出了生态补偿的经济措施、社会措施和生态措施.结合国家投资土地整理重点项目的规划设计,重点讨论了土地整理生态补偿的生态措施,主要通过农地平整工程设计、道路工程设计、农田灌排工程设计的生态学方法及生态边界设计等来实现.     

好氧-低氧生物滤池对低碳氮比污水脱氮研究

针对我国大多数城市污水低碳氮比的水质特点,提出以好氧-低氧淹没式生物滤池对其进行深度脱氮处理.试验过程中,保持好氧段DO为3.5～4.3 mg/L、低氧段DO为0.9～1.1 mg/L,通过调节2段进水分流比、水力停留时间（HRT）、进水碳氮比（C/N）实现深度脱氮效果.进行了3个阶段的试验研究：首先,以低C/N城市污...     

Simultaneous Fe(III) reduction and ammonia oxidation process in Anammox sludge

In recent years, there have been a number of reports on the phenomenon in which ferric iron (Fe(III)) is reduced to ferrous iron [Fe(II)] in anaerobic environments, accompanied by simultaneous oxidation of ammonia to NO₂^-, NO₃^-, or N₂. However, studies on the relevant reaction characteristics and mechanisms are rare. Recently, in research on the effect of Fe(III) on the activity of Anammox sludge, excess ammonia oxidization has also been found. Hence, in the present study, Fe(III) was used to serve as the electron acceptor instead of NO₂^-, and the feasibility and characteristics of Anammox coupled to Fe(III) reduction (termed Feammox) were investigated. After 160days of cultivation, the conversion rate of ammonia in the reactor was above 80%, accompanied by the production of a large amount of NO₃^- and a small amount of NO₂^-. The total nitrogen removal rate was up to 71.8%. Furthermore, quantities of Fe(II) were detected in the sludge fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and denaturated gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses further revealed that in the sludge, some Anammox bacteria were retained, and some microbes were enriched during the acclimatization process. We thus deduced that in Anammox sludge, Fe(III) reduction takes place together with ammonia oxidation to NO₂^- and NO₃^- along with the Anammox process.     

临港工业区生态化发展的探索与思考

实现临港工业区向生态工业区转变是贯彻实践科学发展观、推进生态文明建设的重要抓手,是加快转变经济发展方式、促进经济转型升级的内在要求,是提升城市综合功能、增强核心竞争力的迫切需要,也是全面改善民生、构建和谐社会的重要内容。本文介绍了北仑区实现临港工业区向生态区转变的主要成效,分析了发展过程中存在的主要问题及原因,最后提出了加快推进临港工业向生态工业发展的对策。