Engineering-geological hazards and management in the Mountain Crimea coastal zone

The main engineering-geological hazards and their factors of the Mountain Crimea coastal region are considered. A characteristic shore line site of Cape Kikineiz and its neighboring coastal area near the Katsiveli settlement has been studied in more detail. The important characteristic of the site is a high diversity of geological conditions with numerous manifestations of dangerous engineering-geological processes: shore and hydrological network abrasion, loss of slopes and rocks stability, etc. These processes have intensified during the last decades under the influence of natural and man-induced factors. The results of preliminary study of geo-environmental situation of the area are presented. The program for further research and possible recommendations for rational coastal hazard management and area ecological state improvement are outlined.     

Biological stability in drinking water: a regression analysis of influencing factors

Some parameters, such as assimilable organic carbon(AOC), chloramine residual, water temperature, and water residence time, were measured in drinking water from distribution systems in a northern city of China. The measurement results illustrate that when chloramine residual is more than 0.3 mg/L or AOC content is below 50μg/L, the biological stability of drinking water can be controlled.Both chloramine residual and AOC have a good relationship with Heterotrophic Plate Counts( HPC)(Iog value), the correlation coefficient was-0.64 and 0.33, respectively. By regression analysis of the survey data, a statistical equation is presented and it is concluded that disinfectant residual exerts the strongest influence on bacterial growth and AOC is a suitable index to assess the biological stability in the drinking water.     

黄土高原次生林演替过程土壤有机碳库及其化学组成响应特征

为探明黄土高原次生林演替过程中土壤有机碳库及其化学组成演化特征,选取陕北黄土高原黄龙山林区次生林演替初级阶段(山杨林)、过渡阶段(山杨、辽东栎混交林)和顶级阶段(辽东栎林)样地为研究对象,分析不同土层深度(0～10、 10～20、 20～30、 30～50和50～100 cm)土壤有机碳含量、储量和化学组成变化特征.结果表明：(1)土壤有机碳含量和储量随次生林演替过程显著增加(P<0.05),土壤有机碳含量随土层深度增加显著降低,土壤有机碳储量从初级阶段的64.8Mg·hm^-2增加至顶级阶段的129.2Mg·hm^-2,增加了99%.(2)次生林演替过程中,表层(0～30 cm)土壤有机碳中结构简单、相对易分解的脂肪族碳组分相对含量减少,结构复杂、相对难分解的芳香族碳组分相对含量增加,表明表层土壤有机碳化学组成稳定性随次生林演替过程显著提高,而深层(30～100cm)土壤有机碳化学组成稳定性表现为先增加后降低,即过渡阶段>顶级阶段>初级阶段.(3)次生林演替过程中,初级阶段和过渡阶段土壤有机碳化学组成稳定性随土层深度增加显著增...     

苯酚溶液对好氧颗粒污泥储存稳定性的影响

针对好氧颗粒污泥在长期储存过程中易出现的颗粒解体和微生物失活等问题,设置了浓度分别为30,60,100,150,200,300mg/L的苯酚溶液储存好氧颗粒污泥,并以蒸馏水为对照组,在室温下储存150d.考察储存期间各储存溶液中的好氧颗粒污泥特性变化情况.结果表明,储存150d后,60mg/L苯酚溶液中的好氧颗粒污泥具有较好的颗粒状结构和密实性,且其向储存溶液中释放的污染物质较少;200和300mg/L苯酚溶液中的好氧颗粒污泥也具有一定的结构完整性,但其颗粒结构强度较差.好氧颗粒污泥中的优势菌纲（黄杆菌纲、变形菌纲和放线菌纲）丰富度降低,梭状芽孢杆菌纲丰富度增加.60mg/L苯酚溶液中的环二鸟苷酸（c-di-GMP）浓度为14.38μg/gMLSS,与储存前相比下降了36.68%,300mg/L苯酚溶液中的c-di-GMP浓度为1.24μg/gMLSS,下降了94.54%.60mg/L苯酚溶液有利于好氧颗粒污泥中的黄杆菌纲分泌c-di-GMP信号分子,增加颗粒污泥储存稳定性.短期（1~70d）和长期（70~150d）储存好氧颗粒污泥,分别选用30和60mg/L苯酚溶液为储存溶液有利于维持颗粒污泥的微生物活性.     

污泥和鸡粪生物炭制备及其老化过程中的碳损失

生物炭具有高度的碳(C)稳定性,是一种良好的固碳材料.污泥富含无机矿物质,热解制备生物炭过程中其内源矿物会富集,影响固碳能力.在500、 600和700℃下制备市政污泥生物炭(SZB)、药厂污泥生物炭(YCB)和鸡粪生物炭(JFB),并模拟其在土壤中70～100 a老化过程,利用元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、离子质谱仪(ICP)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段,测定其理化性质并计算C损失.结果表明,热解过程中,生物炭内源矿物种类和质量分数决定生物炭C损失,其中Ca和Mg是主要的C保护矿物,而Fe的存在会降低生物炭C稳定性,增加C损失.老化过程中,生物炭C的自身稳定性对其C损失起主要作用,矿物起辅助作用.研究揭示了生物炭内源C和矿物组分对其C损失的影响规律,为利用污泥和鸡粪生物炭土壤固碳提供参考.     

Preparation of porous semi-IPN temperature-sensitive hydrogel-supported nZVI and its application in the reduction of nitrophenol

Nanoscale zero-valent iron(n ZVI) particles supported on a porous, semi-interpenetrating(semi-IPN), temperature-sensitive composite hydrogel(PNIPAm-PHEMA). n ZVI@PNIPAmPHEMA, was successfully synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, SEM, EDS, XRD and the weighing method. The loading of nZVI was 0.1548 ± 0.0015 g/g and the particle size was30–100 nm. NZVI was uniformly dispersed on the pore walls inside the PNIPAm-PHEMA.Because of the well-dispersed n ZVI, the highly porous structure, and the synergistic effect of PNIPAm-PHEMA, nZVI@PNIPAm-PHEMA showed excellent reductive activity and wide p H applicability. 95% of 4-NP in 100 m L of 400 mg/L 4-NP solution with initial p H 3.0–9.0 could be completely reduced into 4-AP by about 0.0548 g of fresh supported n ZVI at 18–25 °C under stirring(110 r/min) within 45 min reaction time. A greater than 99% 4-NP degradation ratio was obtained when the initial p H was 5.0–9.0. The reduction of 4-NP by nZVI@PNIPAm-PHEMA was in agreement with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model with Kobsvalues of 0.0885–0.101 min-1.NZVI@PNIPAm-PHEMA was able to be recycled, and about 85% degradation ratio of 4-NP was obtained after its sixth reuse cycle. According to the temperature sensitivity of PNIPAmPHEMA, n ZVI@PNIPAm-PHEMA exhibited very good storage stability, and about 88.9%degradation ratio of 4-NP was obtained after its storage for 30 days. The hybrid reducer was highly efficient for the reduction of 2-NP, 3-NP, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol. Our results suggest that PNIPAm-PHEMA could be a good potential carrier, with n ZVI@PNIPAm-PHEMA having potential value in the application of reductive degradation of nitrophenol pollutants.     

“真菌-细菌”复合菌剂的构建及其降解α-蒎烯、乙酸丁酯和邻二甲苯混合废气的性能研究

以α-蒎烯、乙酸丁酯和邻二甲苯3株高效降解菌为菌源(2株真菌和1株细菌),通过对比单菌单底物和多菌多底物降解效果,确定这3株菌之间不存在抑制效应,可用于构建"真菌-细菌"复合菌剂.考察了复合菌剂与活菌液的降解性能及对饥饿期的响应,结果表明复合菌剂和活菌液均能较完全地降解底物,但经历饥饿期后,复合菌剂对底物仍保持100%的降解率,而活菌液对α-蒎烯和邻二甲苯的去除率只有94.6%和62%.该菌剂具有较好的稳定性,常温保存180 d后对各初始浓度为120 mg·L-1的α-蒎烯、乙酸丁酯和邻二甲苯24 h内去除率为48.2%、95.1%和57.3%.将复合菌剂与活性污泥分别接种于生物过滤塔,复合菌剂能明显缩短生物膜形成时间,接种的反应器对底物总去除率维持在90%左右,而活性污泥只有60%.     

管棚预支护条件下隧道开挖面稳定的可靠度分析

为考虑土体参数的变异性对隧道开挖面稳定性的影响,基于可靠度理论,采用三维弹塑性有限元数值模拟方法,计算管棚预支护条件下隧道开挖面极限支护力;以不同工况下地层参数及其极限支护压力比作为样本,待BP神经网络训练完毕后,即可预测大量给定地层参数工况下的开挖面极限支护压力比,对其进行统计,得到概率分布特征;在理论分析的基础上,结合工程实际,建立了管棚预支护条件下隧道开挖面稳定的极限状态方程,运用粒子群优化算法,对其进行可靠度分析。研究结果表明:采用管棚预支护的隧道,开挖面支护压力存在极限值,达到该值后,增加较小幅度的支护力,就能较大程度地提高隧道开挖面稳定的可靠度。     

汶川地震重灾区陇南寨子崖危岩体稳定性分析与防治对策

汶川地震诱发了大量的次生地质灾害,陇南寨子崖危岩体在地震过程中发生了较大规模的崩塌,震后局部崩塌不断,严重威胁着灾后重建安置点数百人的生命安全,因此准确判断该危岩体稳定性,并采取相应的处理措施尤为重要。在研究寨子崖危岩体所处地质环境及危岩失稳的诱发因素基础上,分析了该危岩体的分布规律及形态特征,并采用工程地质分析法和极限平衡法对该区几处主要危岩单体的稳定状况进行了定性与定量分析评价。经分析判断均处于不稳定状态,需进行工程治理。针对每个危岩单体的具体特征,提出了小规模清方+锚固+SNS主动防护等的联合治理方案。     

基于人工蜂群算法的边坡最危险滑动面搜索

将用于连续数值优化问题的人工蜂群算法引入边坡稳定分析临界滑动面搜索领域.该方法模拟了蜂群的群体协作采蜜过程,具有自适应收敛的特点,克服了传统方法容易陷入局部最优的缺点,是一种全局优化算法.为进一步改善其在复杂边坡搜索中的效果,将Hooke-Jeeves模式搜索操作引入人工蜂群算法,提出一种用于边坡临界滑动面搜索的模式搜...