模糊综合评判法在隧道地质超前预报中的应用

为了更准确地进行隧道地质超前预报,在构建了隧道围岩稳定性等级划分综合评估体系的基础上,采用模糊综合评判法对沪蓉西扁担垭隧道某塌方段围岩稳定性进行了综合评估研究,并得出了修正后的扁担垭隧道围岩稳定性评价体系,其评估结果与实际情况一致。     

电子产品环境应力筛选温度稳定性测试研究

以GJB 150,GJB 1032中温度稳定测试方法为基础,通过对比温度稳定时间在不同标准中的要求与不同的测试方法,把GJB 1032中的温度稳定的测试方法及分析方法应用于实际电子产品,采用非接触式测量和接触式测量获得了产品的温场分布及产品在环境应力筛选时的温度稳定时间。     

Influence of atmospheric stability on the mass concentration and chemical composition of atmospheric particles: a case study in Rome, Italy

PM(10) concentration and chemical composition (ions and carbon compounds) at three sampling stations in Rome and in its surroundings was determined daily during a one-month field study, carried out during December 2003. PM concentration at the traffic station was considerably higher than at the urban background and semi-rural stations; elemental carbon was detected as one of the chemical components responsible for this increase. The difference in the concentration of sulphate and ammonium was negligible, as it was expected for secondary pollutants. A negative artefact in the determination of ammonium nitrate by means of heated automatic monitors was highlighted. The dilution properties of the lower atmosphere were traced by means of a natural radioactivity monitor. This parameter has been found to play an essential role in pollution buildup. A considerable increase in PM concentration was observed to coincide with periods of atmospheric stability. The main difference in PM composition between periods of high concentration and periods of "clean" air was found to be in the increase of ammonium nitrate concentration.     

添加硫酸根对燃煤电厂V2O5基脱硝催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法分别制得活性物质V2O5的含量均为1%和SO2-4的含量不同的催化剂,并通过实验研究了添加SO-24对燃煤电厂SCR法脱硝技术中V2O5基催化剂活性和热稳定性的影响.在固定床反应器上,在NH3/NOx物质的量比为1.0和模拟烟气流量为72 L·h-1条件下,对几种催化剂的活性进行了测试,结果显示,当负载加入5.01%的SO2-4或使用含有8.91%的SO-24载体制备催化剂时,催化剂的活性提高最为显著;在TGA 92热重.差热分析仪上对这两种催化剂进行了热重实验,结果表明,添加的硫酸根对催化剂的热稳定性也有一定提高,且不会影响电厂SCR催化剂的使用.     

骊山滑坡Ⅱ区变形稳定性分析

骊山滑坡位于西安市临潼区骊山北坡,按稳定程度将其分为六个区.I区位于华清池正上方、三元洞上下,经详勘查明是潜在的黄土及浅层基岩沿破碎基岩中缓倾角断层滑坡,已于1997年至2002年进行了工程治理,目前该区基本稳定.II区为晚照亭下方的隆起部分,以破碎基岩错落为主,上覆第四纪崩坡积物,多年来一直在发生变形.本文结合II区地质地貌及地层岩性,对多年的监测资料进行综合分析,得出该区目前的稳定性评价,为进一步做好防灾减灾工作提供依据.     

Assessment of temporal stability in risk factors of crashes at horizontal curves on rural two-lane undivided highways

Introduction: Safety of horizontal curves on rural two-lane, two-way undivided roadways is not fully explored. This study investigates factors that impact injury severity of such crashes. Method: To achieve the aim of this paper, issues associated with police-reported crash data such as unobserved heterogeneity and temporal stability need to be accounted for. Hence, a mixed logit model was estimated, while heterogeneity in means and variances is investigated by considering four injury severity outcomes for drivers: severe injury, moderate injury, possible injury, and no injury. Crash data for the period between 2011 and 2016 for crashes that occurred in the state of Oregon was analyzed. Temporal stability in factors determining the injury severity was investigated by identifying three time periods through splitting crash data into 2011–2012, 2013–2014, and 2015–2016. Results: Despite some factors affecting injuries in all specified time periods, the values of the marginal effects showed relative differences. The estimation results revealed that some factors increased the risk of being involved in severe injury crashes, including head-on collisions, drunk drivers, failure to negotiate curves, older drivers, and exceeding the speed limits. Conclusions: The hypothesis that attributes of injury severity are temporally stable is rejected. For example, young drivers (30 years old and younger) and middle-aged drivers were found to be temporally instable over time. Practical applications: The findings could help transportation authorities and safety professionals to enhance the safety of horizontal curves through appropriate and effective countermeasures.     

含孤石土质边坡稳定性及破坏特征的数值分析*

为探究花岗岩风化形成的风化球孤石对边坡稳定性及破坏特征的影响,利用摄影测量和数字图像处理技术,对大量的孤石进行拍照及处理,建立大量具有各种形状的孤石模型,从所建立的孤石模型中选取具有不同形状参数的孤石,将其导入ABAQUS软件,建立含有孤石的边坡模型,进行有限元强度折减分析。结果表明:孤石的位置和大小会对边坡的安全系数产生规律性影响,而孤石的形状对边坡安全系数的影响表现出不确定性;孤石对边坡破坏特征产生影响,塑性应变区发展过程及位移场分布在孤石处与均质边坡相比均有较大变化。     

分区协同开采下矿柱力学响应与稳定性分析*

为解决某钒铁矿经多年开采后,由于钒铁矿矿区赋存条件变化导致开采相互制约、资源利用率低、矿柱积压矿量大以及井下采空区隐患大等问题,制定“保钒采铁、分区协同”的开采方案。通过矿柱强度理论对矿柱的强度和承受载荷进行计算,进而通过矿柱安全系数来判断矿柱的稳定性。通过FLAC3D软件对东、西区铁矿体进行数值模拟研究,通过对开挖后的位移云图、应力云图以及塑性区分布图来分析矿柱的稳定性。研究结果表明:针对某钒铁矿东、西区提出的嗣后膏体微胶结充填法及中区提出的分段空场法转分段崩落采矿法可提高矿柱的稳定性。     

Soil-profile distribution of carbon and associated properties in no-till along a precipitation gradient in the central Great Plains

No-till (NT) farming is considered as a potential strategy for sequestering C in the soil. Data on soil-profile distribution of C and related soil properties are, however, limited, particularly for semiarid regions. We assessed soil C pool and soil structural properties such as aggregate stability and strength to 1 m soil depth across three long-term (≥21 year) NT and conventional till (CT) experiments along a precipitation gradient in the central Great Plains of the USA. Tillage systems were in continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on a loam at Hutchinson and winter wheat-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow on silt loams at Hays and Tribune, Kansas. Mean annual precipitation was 889 mm for Hutchinson, 580 mm for Hays, and 440 mm for Tribune. Changes in profile distribution of soil properties were affected by differences in precipitations input among the three sites. At Hutchinson, NT had 1.8 times greater SOC pool than CT in the 0-2.5-cm depth, but CT had 1.5 times greater SOC pool in the 5-20-cm. At Hays, NT had 1.4 times greater SOC pool than CT in the 0-2.5-cm depth. Differences in summed SOC pool for the whole soil profile (0-1 m depth) between NT and CT were not significant at any site. The summed SOC pool with depth between NT and CT were only significant above the 5 cm depth at Hutchinson and 2.5 cm depth at Hays. At Hutchinson, NT stored 3.4 Mg ha⁻¹ more SOC than CT above 5 cm depth. At Hays, NT stored 1.35 Mg ha⁻¹ more SOC than CT above 2.5 cm depth. Moreover, NT management increased mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWDA) by 3 to 4 times for the 0-5-cm depth at Hutchinson and by 1.8 times for the 0-2.5-cm depth at Hays. It also reduced air-dry aggregate tensile strength (TS) for the 0-5-cm depth at Hutchinson and Hays and for the 0-2.5-cm depth at Tribune. The TS (r = −0.73) and MWDA (r = 0.81) near the soil surface were more strongly correlated with SOC concentration at Hutchinson than at Hays and Tribune attributed to differences in precipitation input. Results suggested NT impacts on increasing SOC pool and improving soil structural properties decreased with a decrease in precipitation input. Changes in soil properties were larger at Hutchinson (880 mm of precipitation) than at Hays and Tribune (≤580 mm). While NT management did not increase SOC pool over CT for the whole soil profile, the greater near-surface accumulation of SOC in NT than in CT was critical to the improvement in soil structural properties. Overall, differences in precipitation input among soils appeared to be the dominant factor influencing NT impacts on soil-profile distribution of SOC and soil structural properties in this region.     

寡毛类蠕虫污泥减量技术的稳定性研究进展

对近年来国内外寡毛类蠕虫污泥减量技术的稳定性研究进展进行了系统评述。除了选择适合稳定减量的蠕虫种属以外,蠕虫反应器构造和废水处理工艺流程、污泥减量工艺的运行操作参数、以及活性污泥本身,都是影响寡毛类蠕虫在活性污泥系统中稳定存在并直接影响到其对活性污泥的捕食和削减能力的重要因素。通过对现有研究进行分析,指出寡毛类蠕虫污泥减量工艺投入实际工程应用的技术和经济瓶颈。